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New meta-analyses, RCTs and systematic reviews that we monitor daily in PubMed. Independently indexed, not editorially curated.
BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy disorder. In recent years, numerous studies have affirmed the augmented risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus in the offspring of affected individuals. Exclusive breastfeeding has been vigorously advocated as an infant feeding practice in various countries. We aimed to test our hypothesis that human milk of women with gestational diabetes differs from that of non-GDM women. For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and citations for studies published between Jan 1,2000 and Sep 26, 2024. We included all studies related to human milk macronutrients. We did separate meta-analyses for carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and energy of the colostrum and mature human milk. All analyses were performed using Revman 5.4.1 (Review Manager). The quality of the evidence was assessed with the NOS scale. Registration does not apply. Of 377 records identified, 9 records were available, all of which had a moderate to high quality. Compared to non-GDM women, the colostrum of GDM women exhibited a higher protein content (MD = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00~0.07, P = 0.03), while there were no significant disparities in carbohydrates, lipids, and energy. Simultaneously, the mature human milk of GDM women had a higher protein content (MD = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00~0.02, P = 0.007) and a higher lipid content (MD = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.08~0.31, P = 0.001), with no significant differences in carbohydrates and energy. There are many factors affecting the composition of human milk and fewer studies have been conducted on the composition of human milk. More high-quality studies are needed to validate the relationship between macronutrients in colostrum and carbohydrate in mature milk content with GDM.
Scientific reports · 2025
Based on the immunological properties of maternal colostrum, this study aimed to determine the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum on preventing late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. This clinical trial was conducted from May 2023 to June 2024 at Rouhani Hospital with 70 premature infants. In the control group, no colostrum was administered, while the intervention group received 0.4 ml of colostrum every three hours for seven days, with extraoral massage for better absorption. The relative risk of late-onset sepsis was 55% lower in the intervention group (RR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.16). Although the difference in sepsis incidence between the groups was not statistically significant (11, 32.4% vs. 5, 14.7% infants, P = 0.086), it was clinically important. The age of achieving full enteral feeding was significantly lower in the intervention group (4.47 ± 2.33 vs. 3.24 ± 2.10 days, P = 0.025), but no significant differences were found in the age of achieving independent oral feeding, weight gain at discharge, or length of hospitalization. This study suggests that oropharyngeal colostrum may help reduce the incidence of late-onset sepsis and decrease the time to achieve full enteral feeding in preterm infants.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20230312057698N1. Registered 29 March 2023 prospective, https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/69281 .
The Medical journal of Malaysia · 2025
Enteral feeding in preterm neonates starts with trophic feeding, which is the practice of feeding minute volumes of enteral feeds (starting at 10-25mL/kg/day) through an orogastric tube. Colostrum has protective effects, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial effects. The oral colostrum application is a safe, effective and economical therapy. However, the most optimal frequency of the oral colostrum application is not yet conclusive. This study aims to evaluate the effects of applying colostrum orally every 4 and 2 hours in order to achieve trophic feeding in preterm infants. In this randomized controlled trial with an open-label design, very-low-birth-weight neonates admitted to RSUP Dr. Sardjito from March to August 2023 were allocated to receive oral colostrum applications either every two hours or every four hours. Subjects were randomized into study groups using a random block size of four through computer-generated in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the time to achieve trophic feeding. The extraneous variables were necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, hemodynamically significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus (hsPDA) and gender. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. A total of 40 neonates were analyzed for primary outcome. Of these, 20 neonates received oral colostrum applications every 2 hours, and the other 20 subjects were fed every 4 hours. Bivariate analysis showed that colostrum application given every 4 hours achieved the trophic feeding 0.47 day faster than the colostrum application every 2 hours. However, the difference between the two feeding methods was not statistically significant (p=0.703). There is no significant difference in achieving trophic feeding in preterm neonates (less than 34 weeks) whether the colostrum was given every 2 or 4 hours.
Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025
There is regional variation in the incidence of stunting, the most common of which occurs in Amhara, the largest share of which is in Ethiopia. However, evidence on the magnitude of stunting and its determinants in children under five years of age is inadequate. The objective of the current review is to identify, appraise, and review systematically and to analyze the pooled effect of stunting among children under the age of five in Ethiopia. The protocol of this review is registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42023323568 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk). To combine the search results, we used reference management software (Endnote V-X7.2) and removed duplicates. For the meta-analysis, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)-Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (MAStARI) was used for the critical appraisal of the studies. The data were categorized after extraction, sorted by quality score, and entered into STATA V14 for analysis. Cochrane's Q statistic (chi-square), I 2, and p values were used to check for heterogeneity in the studies' outcomes. A total of 27 potentially eligible articles containing 32,448 under-five children were identified and included. The prevalence of stunting ranged from Eastern Hararghe (12.45%), the least prevalent to the highest prevalence, in the Tigray and Northwest regions (56.65%). Based on the meta-analysis, the overall pooled incidence of stunting was 40.30% (CI: 37.11-43.49 at 95% CI). The pooled effect size of twenty-seven studies showed that male children were 1.13 times more likely to have a risk of stunting than females (RR = 1.13, CI 1.01-1.26 @95%). Childhood stunting was significantly associated with the age of the child, child weight at birth, mother BMI, diarrhea episodes, deprivation of colostrum, and duration of breastfeeding. The issue of gender can be solved considering that breastfeeding duration was the lowest for daughters, as their parents were trying for a son. Finally, women's education is an alternative mechanism and sustainable strategy for overcoming the burden of childhood stunting. [http://www.library.UCSF.edu], identifier [CRD42023323568].
Preventive veterinary medicine · 2025
Maternal nutrition during the dry period impacts colostrum quality, as well as cow and calf health. Despite the potential of biomarkers, in evaluating preventive interventions, their systematic identification remains limited. The objective of this study is to synthesize and identify biomarkers in colostrum and transition milk and, quantify the variation in response to dietary supplementation during the dry period. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across animal sciences interfaces, including studies from 1949 to 2024. Eligible studies focused on cows receiving dietary supplementation during late pregnancy measuring biomarkers in colostrum and transition milk. Study quality was assessed using a risk of bias tool. We identified 70 studies, all on experimental farms. The overall quality of the evidence was considered good, with 41 % of the studies had a low risk of bias. However, almost all studies lacked a plausible rationale for biomarkers selection. A total of 47 distinct biomarkers were identified, and categorized into biomarkers of dietary exposure (n = 38; e.g., lipids), health (n = 47; e.g., SCC), and status (e.g., protein). To explore the variation of colostrum IgG concentration in response to dry period supplementation, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed on 22 studies, including 19 in dairy cattle and 3 in beef cattle. Despite non-explicit pathways, we found a significant mean difference of 8.7 g/L of IgG between the treatment and control groups. In conclusion, in order to improve the selection of biomarkers in the longitudinal studies, we recommend to reflect on the supposed causal pathway. The link between exposure and health can be documented with appropriate biomarkers available in colostrum and milk matrices.
European journal of applied physiology · 2026
Bovine colostrum is a nutrient-dense first milk, rich in bioactive compounds such as immunoglobulins and growth factors, which may enhance athletic performance and immune function. Rugby union involves high-intensity training for both aerobic and muscular power, which could leave athletes vulnerable to opportunistic infections. This double-blind, randomized study examined the effects of 8 weeks of bovine colostrum supplementation (38 g/day) versus soy protein in 29 club-level rugby players (three women) during the competitive season. Muscular strength (1RM bench and leg press) and power (vertical jump), aerobic power (20 m shuttle run), body composition (DXA and ultrasound), and salivary immune and inflammatory markers (IgA, CRP, IL-6, IL-1β) were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of supplementation. Bovine colostrum supplementation significantly improved vertical jump height (+ 1.0 cm in the colostrum group; - 0.5 cm in the soy group; p = 0.0023), indicating enhanced lower body power. No significant changes were observed for upper (p = 0.38) or lower (p = 0.82) body strength, aerobic power (p = 0.16), body composition measures (p > 0.05), or salivary immune and inflammatory markers (p > 0.05) compared to the soy group. Reported incidences of illness were unaffected by bovine colostrum supplementation. Bovine colostrum may enhance neuromuscular performance, specifically lower body power, but provides limited benefits for other performance metrics, body composition, or immune/inflammatory function. Future research should explore bovine colostrum's potential during off-season training or under higher immune stress conditions.
Neonatology · 2025
Breastfeeding is currently recommended as the optimal and initial feeding option for all newborns, as it protects against illness and reduces neonatal mortality. Furthermore, premature infants exhibit reduced swallowing ability and an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which may hinder suckling and delay the initiation of enteral feeding. Our aim was to investigate the effects of oropharyngeal colostrum delivery in preterm neonates <34 weeks of gestation on hospital outcomes, specifically differences in hospital stay between neonates who received colostrum for 3 days and those who did not. This prospective, interventional, randomized controlled trial enrolled ninety-six preterm neonates, who were allocated into three groups: group A, neonates who received oropharyngeal colostrum for 3 days along with routine care; group B, neonates who received oropharyngeal colostrum for 10 days along with routine care; and group C, neonates who received routine care only. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare medians among the three groups. Associations between categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test and Monte Carlo test. The two groups that received colostrum showed significantly reduced median hospital stays, time to reach full enteral intake, and sepsis rates compared to the control group (p < 0.001). A significant difference in daily weight gain was observed between groups, particularly between the control group and neonates who received colostrum for 10 days (p = 0.028). Regarding the incidence of NEC, no significant difference was found among the groups (p = 0.314). Oropharyngeal colostrum may be considered a potential oral immunotherapy.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex carbohydrates that act as prebiotics, supporting infants' gut microbial colonization and immune development. HMO levels are influenced by several maternal factors, including genetics, diet, and health status. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of ω-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri supplementation on HMO levels in colostrum and mature milk. Another aim is to compare HMO levels between allergic and non-allergic mothers and to explore the correlation between HMOs and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in milk. Milk samples (n = 136) were collected from mothers enrolled in a clinical trial (PROOM-3) designed to investigate the effect of pre- and postnatal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA and L. reuteri on allergy development in early childhood. HMOs were measured in colostrum and mature milk collected 3 months postpartum using high-performance anion exchange chromatography. SIgA was measured in colostrum, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-month milk using ELISA. The supplements did not affect HMO levels in colostrum or mature milk. However, maternal supplementation with ω-3 PUFA decreased the HMO diversity over time. Additionally, allergic mothers expressed significantly lower levels of several HMOs compared to non-allergic mothers. Additionally, SIgA correlated positively with fucosylated and negatively with sialylated HMOs. Supplementation with ω-3 PUFA could reduce the HMO diversity over the course of lactation. Also, maternal allergy seems to be associated with a reduction in levels of several HMOs. Furthermore, there is a possible dynamic interplay between HMOs and SIgA in milk. ClinicalTrials.gov-ID: NCT01542970.
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2026
An adequate choline intake is essential for infant health. Choline profiles in human milk, critical for setting adequate intake levels and developing infant formulas, varied markedly across studies. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze choline concentrations and compositions in human milk and explore influencing factors. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI were searched through August 16, 2025, for studies reporting total choline (TC) or water-soluble choline (WSC) concentrations in milk from healthy mothers within six months postpartum. Three-level meta-analytic models were used. Seventeen studies involving 1747 women were included. The primary analysis of seven studies reporting both TC and WSC showed a pooled TC concentration of 126.2 mg/L (95% CI: 103.7, 148.7), with WSC accounting for 83.3% (76.1%, 90.6%). The secondary analysis included ten additional studies reporting only WSC, estimating TC at 134.2 mg/L (122.6, 145.8), consistent with the primary analysis (p = 0.507). Across all studies, TC significantly increased from 71.5 mg/L in colostrum to 152.2 mg/L in transitional milk, then stabilized at 145.0 mg/L in mature milk. Although TC concentrations varied by assay methods and geographic regions, economic levels of countries demonstrated a significant influence. These findings could provide guidance for infant feeding.
Open veterinary journal · 2025
Vitamin E is an antioxidant that plays a crucial function in the reproductive processes of pigs. This study evaluated the reproductive efficacy of ɑ-tocopherol or vitamin E supplementation in pregnant sows. Twenty-one articles from 1977 to 2021 were included in the database. There were eight parameters observed, such as concentration in the serum during gestation, colostrum concentration, number of piglets per litter at birth, number of stillborn piglets, number of piglets born alive, litter weight at birth, weight of each piglet at birth, and piglet serum concentration on day 1. The data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS version 9.1. Vitamin E administration in sows led to a statistically significant rise in the level of α-tocopherol in the serum of both sows during gestation and the serum of piglets on the first day after birth. The injection of vitamin E did not yield a statistically significant effect on the observed variables, including an increase in the number of pigs per litter at birth, stillborn piglets, pigs born alive, litter weight at birth, vitamin E levels in colostrum, dan the weight of piglets at delivery. Vitamin E supplements are advisable for female pigs to increase the concentration of α-tocopherol in serum throughout pregnancy and enhance α-tocopherol levels in the serum of piglets on the first day after birth.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025
This study aimed to evaluate whether docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy increases DHA concentrations in colostrum among Chinese women, and to determine whether continued postpartum supplementation is necessary to sustain DHA levels throughout lactation. Additionally, the study examined the impact of maternal DHA supplementation on the gut microbiota of both mothers and their infants. 79 pregnant women were enrolled in this multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial and were randomized to three groups (CC, control group; FC, DHA supplementation in the third trimester; FF, DHA supplementation from the third trimester to 42 days postpartum). Participants in the FF and FC groups were administered 100 mg/day DHA via milk powder and those in the CC group were administered milk powder without DHA fortification. Breast milk was collected - on days 3 and 42 postpartum. Fatty acid composition in breast milk was measured with gas chromatography and expressed as percentage of total fatty acids by weight. Fecal samples from mothers (at gestational week 28, 38 and 42 days postpartum) and infants (at 3 and 42 days of age) were collected, then analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The FF group had significantly higher levels of DHA in colostrum than the other two groups (FF: 1.49%, FC: 1.27%, CC: 1.11, P-ANCOVA = 0.018) but not in early mature milk (FF: 0.94%, FC: 0.82%, CC: 0.85%, P-ANCOVA = 0.646). At 42 days postpartum, both mothers and infants in the FF group exhibited a higher abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the fecal microbiome. In this cohort of Chinese women, maternal supplementation with 100 mg/day of DHA starting from the third trimester of pregnancy significantly increased DHA concentrations in colostrum. However, 100 mg/day may be insufficient to sustain DHA levels beyond colostrum. Additionally, maternal DHA supplementation was found to influence Lactobacillus abundance at 42 days postpartum of both mothers and their infants. Future studies should explore higher DHA doses for long-term lactation stability, and investigate dynamic changes in other gut microbiota taxa and microbiota-mediated health effects. ChinaClinicalTrial.gov (ChiCTR1800019461).
La Pediatria medica e chirurgica : Medical and surgical pediatrics · 2025
Colostrum is a source of growth factors and nutrients aiding newborns in adaptation to extrauterine life. Its clinical use has been investigated as an immunological component to protect, especially preterm newborns, from early infectious complications. This article aims to investigate the current knowledge about the value of colostrum in enhancing mechanisms of intestinal adaptation in patients affected by Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). A MEDLINE systematic search was conducted. Inclusion criteria were English language and post-operative colostrum administration in animals and humans undergoing bowel resection. From a total of 734, 10 full-text articles were included: 5 studies on animal models, 4 on humans affected by SBS, and 1 study on animal and paediatric populations. Intestinal adaptation was investigated through diverse clinical, morphological, and functional parameters. No clear benefits of colostrum were reported in both populations. Paucity of trials, limited study duration, and heterogeneous conditions led to poorly standardized results. Colostrum tolerability is an encouraging result, but the outcome of colostrum clinical use in short bowel has still to be determined. Further investigations are required to safely promote use of colostrum in nutritional programs. Standard parameters of intestinal adaptation would be required to evaluate the possible role of colostrum in the process.
Scientific reports · 2025
COVID-19 pandemic is currently relatively controlled, mainly due to effective vaccines. Preparedness for future outbreaks should include means for reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses like MERS-CoV. Approximately 72% of camels in Israel are seropositive for MERS-CoV and may exhibit cross-reactivity with serologically related SARS-CoV-2, suggesting therapeutic possibilities. To investigate the potential of camel-derived anti-MERS-CoV antibodies from camels colostrum for mucosal use in humans, as MERS-CoV prophylaxis and to control COVID-19 progression and infectivity. Using ELISA assay, we screened serum and colostrum of MERS-CoV seropositive camels for MERS-CoV antibody titers and neutralization potency and for cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 spike. Next, we performed an open label placebo controlled randomized trial, comparing the effect of mucosal application of colostrum to placebo. Infectivity and viral load levels were evaluated daily up to 96 h. Anti-MERS-CoV spike reactive antibodies with partial SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity were detected in 22 serum and 12 colostrum samples. While SARS-CoV-2 cross-neutralization was detected, its potency was significantly weaker than that of MERS-CoV. Neutralization of spike pseudotyped reporter viruses representing MERS-CoV reached ~ 1:500, while neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variants was only at (NT50) ≤ 1:120. Forty-three COVID-19 patients were recruited to the randomized controlled trial. The primary endpoints did not differ between groups, with comparable decline in viral load (p = 0.311) and infectivity (p = 0.9641) after 24-h. In-vitro, camel colostrum-derived antibodies neutralize MERS-CoV, but a thin colostrum preparation did not reduce infectivity or viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. The role of camel colostrum-derived antibody-concentrate and more viscous preparations merit further evaluation as potential prophylaxis and treatment against MERS-CoV.
Scientific reports · 2025
Childhood vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. However, immunization coverage remains suboptimal in many low-resource settings, including Ethiopia. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions, such as SMS reminders, have shown promise in improving healthcare service utilization, yet their effectiveness in enhancing childhood vaccination uptake remains underexplored in Ethiopia. This study assesses the impact of an mHealth intervention on childhood vaccination coverage and associated factors among mothers in the Gamo and Gofa zones of South Ethiopia. A cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) was conducted among 680 pregnant mothers recruited from 20 randomly selected health institutions in the Gamo and Gofa zones. Participants were assigned to either the intervention group (n = 340), which received SMS reminders and health education messages, or the control group (n = 340), which received standard care. Eligible participants were pregnant women (≥ 18 years old) with a gestational age of 16-28 weeks, literate, and able to use mobile phones. The primary outcome was childhood vaccination completion, while secondary outcomes included timely Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using multilevel logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly higher childhood vaccination completion rate (AOR = 4.80, 95% CI: 1.75-13.01, p < 0.01). Timely BCG vaccination at birth was also significantly improved in the intervention group (Log Odds = 2.19, 95% CI: 0.69-3.70, p < 0.01). Sociodemographic factors, such as maternal age, colostrum feeding, provider, and family planning, were significantly associated with vaccination uptake. The study suggests that mHealth interventions, such as SMS health information and reminders, might significantly enhance childhood vaccination coverage. Implementing mobile-based strategies could help bridge immunization gaps and support national vaccination programs. Future studies should explore the scalability of mHealth interventions in diverse settings.Clinical Trial Registration number: PACTR202211547107725; Date 22/11/2022.
Nutrients · 2025
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent complication of anticancer therapy which arises from cytotoxic injury, having significant clinical implications. Nutritional and supplement-based interventions have been proposed as adjunctive strategies to improve outcomes. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating nutritional or natural supplement interventions for prevention or management of OM in pediatric oncology. Methods: We conducted a systematic search (17 August 2025) of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (1 January 2000-1 June 2025) following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251134454). The review included randomized controlled trials in pediatric cancer patients (≤18 years; up to 25 years for follow-up) receiving chemo-/radiotherapy, assessing nutritional, dietary, or natural product interventions for oral mucositis prevention or treatment. Non-randomized, adult, non-English, non-peer-reviewed, or inaccessible studies were excluded. Outcomes included incidence, severity, duration of OM, and mucositis-associated pain. Risk of bias was assessed using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools and the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. Results were qualitatively summarized. Results: Of 5870 records identified, 20 RCTs met inclusion criteria resulting in 1430 total included patients. Interventions tested included systemic supplements (e.g., glutamine, zinc, and bovine colostrum), topically applied agents (e.g., honey, vitamin E, Aloe vera, and olive oil), and nutrient-containing rinses (e.g., chamomile, Caphosol, and Traumeel S). Honey-based interventions showed promising outcomes. Discussion: Study designs and sample sizes varied considerably, and outcome measures were heterogeneous. Challenges with blinding, variable compliance, and inconsistent reporting reduce confidence and precision in the findings. Conclusions: Evidence from pediatric RCTs remains limited but highlights nutritional and natural products as promising supportive care options for OM. Findings suggest potential for practical, low-cost adjuncts to established oral care protocols, warranting further high-quality multicenter trials.
American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2026
Management of postoperative pain is the main requirement of anesthesia for cesarean section. Generally, opioids (especially morphine) with transverse abdominal muscle plane block anesthesia are used as an effective analgesic method for postcesarean section pain but opioids have adverse effects of sedation, vomiting, and/or respiratory depressions of women. To compare 2 postoperative analgesia methods (transverse abdominal plane block followed by patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) containing a low dose of sufentanil versus PCIA containing a high dose of sufentanil) on the postoperative maternal and neonatal course after cesarean-section. Parturients age 20 to 40 years, height 152 to 175 cm, weight 60 to 80 kg, body mass index less than 30 kg/m2, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) II grade, singleton term pregnancy, and 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy were included in double-blind, randomized (the random number chart method) trial. Parturient underwent bilateral transverse abdominal muscle plane block anesthesia with multimodal analgesia pump containing 50 mcg/100 mL of sufentanil (Group E, n=99) or 100 mcg/100 mL of sufentanil (Group C, n=98) after cesarean section. Consumption of sufentanil within 48 hours in the group E was less than the group C (P<.001). The first time of postcesarean analgesic pump was later in the group E (P<.001). The number of analgesic pump compression in the group E was less than that in the group C (P<.001). The first exhaust time and first getting out of bed time in the group E were earlier than those in the group C (P<.001 for both). Postcesarean adverse reactions such as skin itching (P<.001), nausea and vomiting (P=.037), and 3 months of chronic pain (P=.011) reported fewer in the group E than those of women of the group C. The changes of the VAS value of the resting state and the movement conditions at 6 h and 12 h were higher in the group C as compared to those of group E (P<.05 for all). The serum prolactin (PRL) after cesarean section was higher in the group E compared to those of the group C (P<.05) and the first time of getting out of bed (P<.05) and colostrum's time after cesarean section were earlier in the group E. Transverse abdominal muscle plane block combine with sparing opioid regimen in multimode analgesia after cesarean section, provides effective management of postcesarean pain management, improve the impact of postcesarean pain on PRL secretion with, promoted maternal recovery, and with less adverse effects. I. 1.
Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2026
Oral colostrum administration (OCA) for neonates is easy, simple, and safe. Previous studies have reported that OCA decreases the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants. However, the optimal duration of OCA has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of OCA for different durations on the incidence of NEC (stage ≥2) and other morbidities. This randomized controlled study recruited premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. The infants were categorized into the following three groups: noncolostrum group, did not receive OCA; short-term colostrum group, received oral colostrum for 3 days; and extended colostrum group, received oral colostrum for 10 days. For additional analyses, the infants were also classified into two broader categories: colostrum (combining short-term and extended groups) and noncolostrum groups. In this study, 138 infants (46 in each group) were recruited. The incidence rates of NEC in the noncolostrum, short-term colostrum, and extended colostrum groups were 10.9% (n = 5), 4.3% (n = 2), and 0% (n = 0), respectively. Infants in the groups receiving colostrum exhibited a decreased incidence of NEC, although the difference was not significant when analyzed according to duration (OR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11-0.0.32, p = 0.057). Compared with the noncolostrum group, infants in the colostrum group achieved full enteral feeding earlier, had a shorter antibiotic duration, and exhibited lower rates of LOS (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). The extended colostrum group exhibited the highest exclusive breastfeeding rate at discharge (p = 0.003). OCA improved feeding tolerance and reduced LOS in preterm infants. Although the effect on NEC was not significant, extended administration enhanced exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge.
Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
Feeding intolerance is common in preterm infants and may lead to poor weight gain and prolonged hospitalization. Bovine colostrum, owing to its rich content of bioactive components such as immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and growth factors, has been suggested to reduce feeding intolerance and promote gut maturation in preterm infants; however, available clinical trials provide inconsistent evidence regarding its efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, and time to full enteral feeding in preterm infants. We searched five databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on bovine colostrum (BC) use in preterm neonates from their inception to 8 July 2025. Outcomes included feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and time to full enteral feeding to 120 mL/kg/d (TFF120). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. A total of four RCTs (670 infants) were included in this study. BC supplementation was associated with a lower incidence of feeding intolerance (RR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.94) with low heterogeneity (I 2 = 2%). However, this effect should be interpreted with caution, as the lack of blinding in the included trials may have introduced performance bias. No significant effects were observed for NEC or TFF120, and the evidence regarding adverse events was limited. BC cannot be recommended for preterm infants based on current evidence. The observed reduction in feeding intolerance is likely due to performance bias, with no proven benefit for NEC or TFF120. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251102646, identifier CRD420251102646.
Nutrients · 2026
Background/Objectives: Dietary treatment may play a complimentary part alongside established medical treatment pathways for children with Crohn's disease. The aim of this review was to explore the impact of a range of dietary treatments, including the capability of preserving the mucosal barrier, during the maintenance phase of Crohn's disease. Methods: Randomised controlled trials and cohort studies were retrieved from five databases (Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and through hand searching (last search: June 2025). In the inclusion criteria, this review only included studies that directly assessed children with Crohn's disease who achieved clinical remission after the induced phase but simultaneously appeared to have signs of inflammation. Results: Six studies were identified, three of which reported outcomes directly associated with the mucosal barrier, while the other studies reported intestinal inflammation and nutritional status. A range of dietary approaches were investigated, with mixed outcomes. A carbohydrate-based diet had a mixed-effect influence on the mucosal barrier, whereas an exclusion diet significantly reduced intestinal inflammation (p = 0.01). One study reported that bovine colostrum (BC) milk (a novel approach) demonstrated mucosal integrity improvement, while the timing of partial enteral nutrition (PEN) also improved nutritional status. Importantly, compliance with all these strict regimes is complex and difficult to implement, even with the support of a dietitian. Conclusions: Consideration of the most appropriate dietary approach within CD management including remission has reported mixed effects to date. Further research is needed, especially to establish the benefits and any negative consequences of dietary intervention more clearly, and especially regarding mucosal integrity.
Clinical neuropharmacology · 2024
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurobehavioral disorder in school-aged children. Although there are several drug treatment options, some patients do not have adequate therapeutic responses to conventional medications or experience considerable adverse effects. Citicoline is an endogenous molecule that has beneficial effects on attention, impulsivity, and memory and is a potential treatment for ADHD. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of citicoline in pediatric patients diagnosed with ADHD. This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included with patients aged 7-12 years diagnosed with ADHD. As a result, no statistically significant difference was noted between the use of citicoline and placebo in the evaluated parameters. The treatment had no adverse effects. Citicoline seems to be a safe molecule to be administered in the pediatric age group. Further studies are required to assess the therapeutic potential of citicoline in ADHD.