English content coming soon. Articles are currently in Dutch only. You can browse them below or switch to the Dutch version.
Everything about supplements, biohacking and health — evidence-based and optimized for your goals.
Recommendations in your plan are never random. We combine three sources of information — and you can verify each of them yourself.
Not medical advice
SuppleMind does not replace your doctor, pharmacist, or dietitian. Consult a healthcare professional before changing supplements, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, on medication, or managing a medical condition.
New meta-analyses, RCTs and systematic reviews that we monitor daily in PubMed. Independently indexed, not editorially curated.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026
This study examined the acute effects of different caffeine doses on fat oxidation and cardiovascular responses at rest and during exercise at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation (FATmax) in overweight/obese sedentary female college students. In a randomized trial, eleven participants (age: 20.2 ± 2.3 years; BMI: 26.36 ± 1.78 kg/m²) completed four conditions: placebo (cellulose) or caffeine at 3, 5, or 9 mg/kg. Each session comprised 60 min of seated rest followed by 40 min of treadmill walking at FATmax. Substrate oxidation (via indirect calorimetry), blood pressure, and the fingertip perfusion index (PI) were measured at specific time points: at rest (0, 30, and 60 min after capsule ingestion) and immediately post-exercise (100 min). Additionally, gas exchange and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the entire 100-min session. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 with two-way repeated-measures ANOVA (or Friedman test for non-normal data) and Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc comparisons. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Caffeine did not alter the resting heart rate or substrate oxidation. During exercise, caffeine at 5 and 9  mg/kg significantly increased the heart rate and blood pressure (p < 0.05), while caffeine at 3 mg/kg elicited no such cardiovascular effects. The PI decreased across all caffeine groups (p < 0.05). Caffeine at both 3 and 5 mg/kg enhanced fat oxidation compared to placebo and the 9 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation was lower with 5 mg/kg caffeine than with placebo (p < 0.05), and both the 3 and 5 mg/kg doses showed reduced carbohydrate oxidation relative to the 9 mg/kg dose (p < 0.05). Acute caffeine intake at 3 and 5 mg/kg enhanced fat oxidation during FATmax exercise in sedentary overweight/obese females, whereas 9 mg/kg provided no additional metabolic benefit. However, the 5 mg/kg dose was associated with increased cardiovascular strain, which was not observed with the 3 mg/kg. Therefore, a dose of 3 mg/kg appears to offer an optimal balance between stimulating fat oxidation and maintaining cardiovascular safety in this population during acute exercise.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026
This study investigated the effects of an acute caffeine (CAF) supplementation strategy combined with post-activation potentiation enhancement (PAPE) on the anaerobic capacity of male collegiate basketball players. Using a randomized crossover design, 24 male collegiate basketball players (age: 20.29 ± 2.60 years) underwent three interventions: a standard warm-up (CON), PAPE with a placebo (PAPE+PLA), and PAPE with 5 mg/kg caffeine (PAPE+CAF). The PAPE protocol comprised a complex plyometric activation set including squat jumps, split jumps, and a 20-meter sprint. Anaerobic performance was assessed via the Wingate anaerobic test, measuring peak power (PP), average power (AP), total work (TW), fatigue index (FI), and the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). The results indicated that compared to CON, PAPE+PLA significantly enhanced PP, AP, and TW (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the PAPE+CAF intervention elicited further significant improvements in PP, AP, and TW compared to PAPE+PLA, indicating a clear synergistic effect (p < 0.001). Although neither intervention significantly altered FI (p = 0.06), caffeine ingestion effectively reduced RPE (p < 0.001). This study confirms a synergistic effect between caffeine and PAPE, providing a theoretical foundation and practical reference for precompetition acute activation strategies for male basketball players.
Clinical pediatrics · 2026
Microcytic hypochromic anemia is common in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children, but macrocytic anemia (vitamin B12/folate deficiency) is not uncommon. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to anemia and developmental slowing. We looked for the response of vitamin B12 supplementation on hematological and anthropometric parameters in SAM children. All children aged 1 to 60 months with SAM were included and divided in 2 groups. Group A children received vitamin B12 for 6 weeks additionally as compared with Group B. Both groups were followed up at discharge and at 6 weeks for hematological and anthropometric indices. Prevalence of anemia was 79.43%. Peripheral blood smear showed microcytic hypochromic anemia and macrocytic anemia in two-third and one-third, respectively. Vitamin B12 supplementation in SAM children for 6 weeks did not change most of the hematological and anthropometric parameters, but there was significant improvement in weight for age and height for age z scores.
The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026
Nutritional supplementation is increasingly regarded as a potential strategy to preserve or enhance cognitive function in individuals with healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, its overall efficacy remains uncertain due to inconsistent findings across clinical trials. In accordance with the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Network Meta-Analyses, we conducted a comprehensive systematic search. Our inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the impact of nutrient supplementation on cognitive function within healthy aging and MCI patients. The primary outcome of interest was the change in cognitive function, while the secondary outcome involved alterations in blood biochemical markers (e.g., homocysteine, vitamin B12, and serum folate levels). The meta-analysis results indicated that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)+eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)+vitamin E+tryptophan+melatonin, as well as melatonin alone, significantly enhanced global cognitive function. Additionally, DHA, folic acid+DHA, and the DHA+EPA+vitamin E+tryptophan+melatonin were all effective in augmenting memory. DHA alone was found to be beneficial in improving processing speed, whereas vitamin D3 was associated with improvements in visuospatial function. Notably, sensitivity analyses revealed that while most domain-specific effects remained stable, the rankings of certain small-sample interventions were sensitive to study duration and sample size. Supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, whether administered individually or in combination, resulted in varying improvements in blood biomarkers, including homocysteine, vitamin B12, and serum folate levels. Nutritional supplementation demonstrates nuanced, domain-specific benefits rather than universal cognitive enhancement. While specific multi-nutrient combinations show potential, their effects are significantly influenced by baseline cognitive status, age, and intervention duration. Our findings suggest that nutritional strategies should be tailored to individual cognitive profiles, emphasizing the need for personalized interventions and further high-quality, longitudinal trials to confirm long-term clinical impact.
JAMA neurology · 2026
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. PrimeC is a fixed-dose oral combination of celecoxib and ciprofloxacin designed to target ALS-related mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, iron homeostasis, and dysregulated microRNAs. To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of PrimeC in people living with ALS. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial conducted at 4 ALS referral centers from May 2022 to November 2023 and followed by 12-month open-label extension. Adults with definite or probable ALS and disease duration of 30 months or less were eligible. Of 73 screened, 69 were randomized and 68 were included in the intent-to-treat population. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive PrimeC or placebo for 6 months, followed by open-label extension PrimeC for all. The primary outcome was safety and tolerability. The prespecified primary biomarker outcome was plasma neuron-derived-exosomal TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or prostaglandinJ2. Secondary outcomes included change in ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score at 6 and 18 months, survival, and time-to-composite events. Exploratory biomarkers included neurofilament light chains, iron-regulatory proteins, and circulating microRNAs. The 68 participants were well balanced in age at entry and sex. In the PrimeC group, the mean (SD) age was 59.1 (9.1) years, and 27 of 45 participants were male. In the placebo group, the mean (SD) age was 55.0 (13.0) years, and 14 of 23 participants were male. PrimeC was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to placebo (adverse event rate, 66.7% PrimeC vs 65.2% placebo). Drug-related adverse events were more frequent with PrimeC (20.0% vs 4.3%), mostly mild to moderate, and transient. At month 6, the mean ALSFRS-R difference was 2.23 points between PrimeC and placebo (95% CI, -0.61 to 5.07; P = .12). At month 18, ALSFRS-R scores in participants continuously treated with PrimeC maintained a difference (7.92 points; 95% CI, 2.25 to 13.60; P = .007), with significant bulbar difference (3.18 points; 95% CI, 1.32 to 5.04; P = .001). Continuous treatment was associated with lower risk of ALS complications, including hospitalization, respiratory failure, or death (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.15-0.85; P = .02). In the double-blind period, transferrin levels were preserved with PrimeC (1.90 μmol/L difference; P = .03), the negative ferritin-ALSFRS-R correlation observed in placebo (ρ = -0.50; P = .02) was abolished, and ALS-associated microRNAs were downregulated (log2 fold change: miR-199a-3p, -1.87; false discovery rate [FDR] P = .004; miR-199a-5p, -2.23; FDR P < .001; miR-181a-5p: -1.89; FDR P = .001; miR-181b-5p, -1.62; FDR P = .005). Prespecified neuron-derived exosome TDP-43/PgJ2 analyses will be reported separately following completion of development and analyses. PrimeC was safe and well tolerated over 18 months. Although not powered for efficacy, functional and biomarker findings support a confirmatory trial. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05357950.
Nutrients · 2026
Background: Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) refers to fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome. MASLD causes alterations in lipid metabolism, which can be regulated with a diet rich in polyphenols. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of daily consumption of 400 g of "Navelina" oranges for 4 weeks on serum lipid profiles in a group of 60 patients with MASLD, to identify specific lipid species associated with improvements in hepatic steatosis. Methods: Blood samples were collected from all participants, and biochemical measurements and a serum lipidomic profile were performed. Finally, a Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between serum lipidomic fatty acids and biochemical lipid markers. Results: In the experimental treatment arm, serum lipidomic analysis showed a slight decrease in Arachidonic acid (AA) and the Arachidonic acid/Eicosapentaenoic acid ratio (AA/EPA ratio) but no significant interaction between time and treatment was detected. In the same group, Oleic acid, MUFAs and the AA/EPA ratio were significantly and negatively correlated with HDL (r = -0.368, p = 0.046), (r = -0.384, p = 0.036), and (r = -0.522, p = 0.003), respectively. Conversely, EPA and n-3 PUFAs were positively and significantly correlated with HDL (r = 0.447, p = 0.013) and (r = 0.403, p = 0.027) respectively. Conclusions: Furthermore, this study represents one of the first clinical trials to shed a light on the potential association of "Navelina" orange polyphenols on serum fatty acid profiles in patients with MASLD, supporting studies on the nutraceutical effect of oranges on lipid metabolism.
Nutrients · 2026
Background/Objectives: Creatine is a supplement that, beyond its physiological effects, has been shown to have positive effects on cognitive abilities. In our previous study, we showed that a single dose of 0.35 g/kg creatine induces changes in brain metabolism during sleep deprivation and reduces deterioration in cognitive performance. The present study investigates whether supplementation of a lower dose is associated with cognitive effects during sleep deprivation, focusing exclusively on cognitive performance outcomes. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy subjects performed cognitive tests at the evening baseline and 3, 5.5, and 7.5 h after receiving a single dose of creatine monohydrate (0.2 g/kg) or a placebo during a total of 21 h of sleep deprivation (SD). Results: The results show a mitigating effect of creatine on sleep deprivation-induced deterioration in logical and numerical tasks, language-related processing speed, and the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). Compared to males, females benefit more in logic, PVT and processing speed in language and logic tasks. Conclusions: Our results show that a dose of 0.2 g/kg creatine is associated with a reduced deterioration in cognitive performance during sleep deprivation. Although the effect is less pronounced than with a high dose of 0.35 g/kg, there is still an improvement of up to 12%.
The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
Medial arterial calcification (MAC) and increased arterial stiffness contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Experimental studies suggest that magnesium supplementation may halt arterial calcification and improve arterial stiffness. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 6-mo oral magnesium citrate supplementation on calciprotein crystallization (T50) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in individuals with T2DM and peripheral MAC. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomly assigned 74 participants with T2DM [78% males, 72 (68-76) y] with peripheral MAC and cfPWV≥12.0 m/s to magnesium citrate (350 mg/d; n = 37) or placebo (n = 37). Nephelometry-based T50 measurements, cfPWV measurements, and 24-h urine collections were obtained at baseline, 3 and 6 mo. Longitudinal analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline T50 and cfPWV was used to study the treatment effects on T50 and cfPWV. Baseline mean T50 and cfPWV were similar between the magnesium group (T50 348 ± 54 min; cfPWV 15.9 ± 2.2 m/s) and the placebo group (362 ± 54 min; 15.6 ± 2.0 m/s). Magnesium in serum and in 24-h urine were lower in the magnesium group [0.74 (0.71-0.77) mmol/L and 3.30 (2.06-4.71) mmol/24 h] compared with the placebo group [0.81 (0.74-0.86) mmol/L and 4.31 (3.09-5.54) mmol/24 h]. Supplementation increased 24-h urine magnesium excretion (P < 0.001), but not serum magnesium concentration (P = 0.073) over time in the magnesium group relative to the placebo group. Magnesium supplementation did not increase T50 [ẞ = 6 min (-11, 22), P = 0.491] but did increase cfPWV [ẞ = 0.8 m/s (0.1, 1.5), P = 0.021] over 6 mo in the magnesium group relatively to the placebo group, but the statistical significance was lost after adjusting for clinically relevant baseline differences [T50: ẞ = 7 min (-12, 25), P = 0.482; cfPWV: ẞ = 0.5 m/s (-0.2, 1.3), P = 0.180]. Six-month magnesium citrate supplementation did not reduce calciprotein crystallization and arterial stiffness in older individuals with T2DM with peripheral MAC. Daily supplementation of 350 mg appears to be ineffective in this population, possibly attributable to normomagnesemia and preserved renal function. This study was registered at the Dutch Trial Register (CCMO) as NL81281.029.22 and at ISRCTN as 60460377.
Journal of dentistry · 2026
This systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) aimed to assess the effect of incorporating metallic agents into glass ionomer cements on cytotoxicity. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Embase, Library Cochrane and Web of Science was performed to identify eligible studies published up to February 1, 2026. The eligibility criteria included in vitro studies. The data were analyzed using RevMan software, and bias risk was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for in vitro studies. Out of 924-screened records, 13 studies were included. Results showed that the incorporation of metallic agents such as silver, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and magnesium carbonate apatite did not significantly compromise the cytocompatibility of glass ionomer cements. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that cell viability of pulp cells and fibroblasts remained comparable to control groups, indicating that these modifications maintain baseline cytotoxicity profiles while potentially providing additional functional properties. The meta-analysis showed that metallic agent-modified glass ionomer cements did not affect the viability of pulp cells or fibroblasts at any of the evaluated time points, indicating that these modifications preserve baseline cytocompatibility. The studies showed a low risk of bias. The available evidence indicates that the incorporation of metallic agents into glass ionomer cements generally preserves cytocompatibility, with most in vitro studies reporting no significant cytotoxic effects. Cytotoxic responses are influenced by the type and concentration of the metallic additive. Nevertheless, the predominance of laboratory-based evidence highlights the need for well-designed in vivo studies to confirm biological safety and support the translational potential of these modified materials. Glass ionomer cements modified with metallic agents show favorable cytocompatibility in vitro when proper formulation parameters are followed. Concentration-dependent biological effects highlight the need for careful material design. These findings support further research on metal-modified glass ionomer cements as restorative materials that maintain biocompatibility while improving physicomechanical properties.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026
Background and Objectives: Ketamine and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) are NMDA receptor antagonists that act through distinct mechanisms. Preclinical data indicate that their analgesic interaction is sequence-dependent: ketamine administered before MgSO4 produces synergistic antinociception, whereas the reversed sequence is antagonistic. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS 0-10, at rest and on movement) and cumulative intravenous morphine consumption over 48 h, evaluated in patients undergoing open radical nephrectomy to test the hypothesis of sequence-dependent analgesic interaction. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 208 patients scheduled for elective open radical nephrectomy received two sequential intravenous boluses intraoperatively: Drug A immediately after induction, Drug B 10 min later. Agents were ketamine 0.2 mg/kg, MgSO4 15 mg/kg, or placebo (0.9% NaCl) in all nine possible combinations. Primary outcomes were postoperative pain intensity (NRS 0-10, at rest and on movement) and cumulative intravenous morphine consumption, assessed at 14 time points over 48 h. Secondary outcomes included sedation, nausea, vomiting, and the presence of hallucinations. Results: The ketamine → MgSO4 (K → Mg) sequence significantly reduced NRS pain scores compared to placebo at multiple time points, including 30 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 32 h postoperatively, with differences exceeding the minimum clinically important difference of 2 NRS points at the earliest assessments. The MgSO4 → ketamine (Mg → K) sequence did not differ from placebo at any time point. Cumulative morphine consumption was comparable across groups. No hallucinations or psychomimetic events were observed. Conclusions: Intraoperative ketamine followed by MgSO4 (K → Mg) provides clinically meaningful postoperative analgesia after open radical nephrectomy; the reversed sequence (Mg → K) offers no benefit over placebo. These findings provide the first clinical confirmation of sequence-dependent NMDA receptor antagonism and support the K → Mg protocol as a safe, simple addition to multimodal perioperative analgesia. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN83633282.
The Journal of nutrition · 2026
Caloric restriction (CR) is a promising nutritional intervention for improving metabolic and age-related health outcomes, but its long-term effects on hematologic health remain unclear. Clarifying how prolonged CR affects anemia risk and iron status is essential for evaluating its long-term safety and clinical relevance. To determine the effects of a 2-y CR intervention on markers of anemia, iron status, and hepcidin in females and males enrolled in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long-Term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy (CALERIE) Phase 2 trial. Participants in CALERIE Phase 2 (n = 220) were randomly assigned to 25% CR or ad libitum (AL) control. AL continued their habitual diet, whereas CR received an intensive intervention to promote CR over 2 y. All participants received a multivitamin/mineral supplement containing 18 mg iron. Fasted blood was collected at baseline (BL) and 12 (M12) and 24 (M24) mo and indicators of iron status (ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and serum iron), anemia (hemoglobin and hematocrit), and regulators of iron status (hepcidin, C-reactive protein, and IL-6) were measured. Six-day diet diaries were collected twice at BL and once each at M12 and M24. An anemia surveillance protocol monitored hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC) count, and serum iron throughout the intervention, with medical evaluation and temporary/permanent CR discontinuation as needed. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the effect of treatment (CR compared with AL), time (BL, M12, and M24), and their interaction (treatment × time). Participants (n = 218) were mostly female (70%) with an mean age (±SD) of 38.1 ± 7.2 y and a mean BMI of 25.2 ± 1.7 kg/m2. At baseline, ferritin (105.5 ± 126.9 μg/L), hepcidin (8.6 ± 5.8 ng/mL), and dietary iron intake (16.1 ± 5.5 mg/d) were similar between groups (P > 0.05). There were no group × time interactions for markers of anemia, indicators of iron status, or hepcidin (P > 0.05). Despite the anemia surveillance protocol, anemia prevalence remained >5% in both groups across all timepoints. Low RBC count was the most common trigger, and participants who triggered the protocol had lower hematocrit at M12 (P < 0.001) and M24 (P < 0.001); however, dietary iron intake remained similar and there were no differences in any indicators of iron status or hepcidin between those who triggered the protocol and those who did not. These findings suggest that prolonged CR in the absence of malnutrition does not adversely affect iron status or hepcidin in healthy adults.
BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026
Iron deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF) complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet the efficacy of intravenous (IV) iron therapy remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) retrieved from Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 1, 2026. A total of 8 RCTs involving 7009 participants were included. Clinical outcomes were assessed by generating forest plots using the random-effects model and pooling relative risks (RRs) or mean differences (MDs). IV iron therapy showed a significantly reduced incidence of first heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (RR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72–0.86, P < 0.001), heart failure hospitalization or cardiovascular death (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75–0.98, P = 0.02) in HF-CKD patients as compared with the control group, with significant improvements in relevant biomarkers. Subgroup analyses revealed no effect modification by CKD status. Anemia status modified the treatment effect on all-cause mortality (P = 0.04). Anemic patients exhibited a trend toward clinical benefit (RR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70–1.01, P = 0.06), while no such trend was observed in non-anemic patients (RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.90–1.81, P = 0.16). Further large-sample, long-term trials are needed to identify the optimal patient population and clarify the long-term safety of this therapy. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-026-05672-5.
Journal of global health · 2026
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases account for an increasing share of morbidity and mortality globally. Folic acid supplementation has been linked to a lowered risk of stroke and some metabolic indicators due to its involvement in homocysteine and one-carbon metabolism and its role in the production of nitric oxide; however, the evidence on these associations is inconclusive. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects from inception to February 2024 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the associations of folate (dietary intake, supplementation, or blood concentrations) with any cardiometabolic outcome. We performed screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment in duplicate, and assessed the credibility of the evidence using predefined criteria. We identified 113 unique associations from 49 reviews. The included syntheses mostly had low risk of bias of and provided pooled risk estimates from intervention trials or prospective cohorts. A larger volume of evidence was available for composite cardiovascular outcomes, coronary heart disease, and stroke compared to other outcomes. No association reached a convincing or highly suggestive level of credibility. Six directional associations and five null associations met the criteria for a suggestive level of credibility. Three dose-response relationships, all at suggestive levels of credibility, supported an association between higher dietary folate intake and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. The available evidence on the association between folate status and cardiometabolic outcomes primarily focuses on secondary prevention of cardiometabolic diseases and substantially underrepresents low- and middle-income countries. More large-scale studies are warranted to validate a relationship between folate status and cardiometabolic events or indicators. Overall, the evidence landscape around folate and cardiometabolic diseases appears to be limited both in volume and scope. PROSPERO: CRD42021265041.
International dental journal · 2026
Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a major cause of chronic orofacial pain, with myalgia of the masticatory muscles being central to symptom burden. Electrolyte modulation, particularly magnesium, may influence neuromuscular excitability and nociceptor sensitization, but no systematic review has synthesized the evidence for muscle pain syndromes or its relevance to TMD. To evaluate the efficacy of electrolyte supplementation (magnesium, sodium, calcium, and potassium) in reducing muscle cramps and myalgia, and to explore the biological plausibility and potential extrapolation to TMD-related myofascial pain. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251120631). PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from January 1995 to August 2025. Randomized or quasi-randomized trials of electrolyte supplementation for cramps or myalgia were eligible. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment (RoB 2 tool) were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Meta-analyses used random-effects models in R (v4.4.3) and Python (v3.11). Thirteen trials were included. Magnesium was most frequently studied (10 RCTs). In pregnancy-associated cramps (4 trials, N≈364), magnesium significantly reduced cramp frequency compared with placebo (pooled RR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.74, P = .02). In nocturnal or persistent leg cramps in adults (4 trials, N≈396), no significant effect was found (MD -0.42 cramps/week, 95% CI: -1.15 to 0.31, P = .26). Intravenous magnesium showed no benefit in older adults, but a perioperative trial demonstrated reduced fasciculations and postoperative myalgia. Sodium-based solutions reduced cramp susceptibility in exercise and cirrhosis, while calcium and potassium lacked supportive evidence. Risk of bias was generally low to moderate. Magnesium supplementation benefits pregnancy-related cramps but shows inconsistent effects in other populations. Sodium-based interventions are context-specific, and calcium and potassium remain unsupported. Magnesium is the most plausible candidate for translation to TMD myalgia, warranting targeted clinical trials.
Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026
Post-acne erythema (PAE) is one of the most common inflammatory sequelae of acne. Although various therapeutic approaches are currently available, many are limited by suboptimal efficacy, poor tolerability, or high costs. This trial aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) mesotherapy for the treatment of PAE. A total of 25 patients aged 18-35 years with clinically diagnosed PAE and bilaterally symmetrical facial lesions were enrolled. Three treatment sessions were performed at 4-week intervals. The primary outcome was the Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale (CEAS) score assessed at baseline and week 12. Secondary endpoints included the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Patient Self-Assessment (PSA), VISIA skin analysis (red areas, pores, texture), CK measurement parameters (erythema index, melanin index, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss), dermoscopic imaging, adverse effects, and relapse. Finally, 23 patients completed all treatment sessions. By week 12, the mesotherapy group showed significantly lower CEAS scores compared to the control group. In addition, patients in the mesotherapy group reported higher satisfaction levels. Improvements in red areas, pores, texture, erythema index, skin hydration, transepidermal water loss, and dermoscopic imaging were also more marked in the mesotherapy group. There was a significant change in the DLQI score, too. No serious adverse events or erythema flares occurred during the study. Among the 23 patients who completed the trial, only one experienced acne relapse. According to the results of this study, non-cross-linked HA mesotherapy is a promising and useful therapeutic option for PAE.
Nutrients · 2026
This study examined the effects of a novel phytochemical supplement blend on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. In a randomised, parallel group design, 24 healthy participants (14 males) consumed 300 mg of a phytochemical blend (calcium fructoborate, turmeric and pomegranate; PB) or inert placebo for 9 days (n = 12 per condition). On day 7, participants performed 150 drop jumps to induce muscle damage. Markers of neuromuscular function, muscle soreness/pain, perceived exhaustion and sleep quality, were measured pre-exercise and 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise; systemic markers of inflammation, muscle damage, and oxidative stress were measured on these days as well post-exercise and 2.5 h post-exercise. There was an interaction effect for pressure pain threshold in the vastus lateralis (p = 0.041), which was ~21% higher in PB 72 h post-exercise (p = 0.074; ds = 0.767). Perceived sleep quality was greater 72 h post-exercise in PB (p = 0.049; rrb = 0.423) and those in the PB condition reported feeling more recovered and less mentally drained post-exercise (p ≤ 0.043). There were no statistically significant between-condition differences for any markers of neuromuscular function, inflammation, oxidative stress or muscle damage (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a novel PB showed promise for attenuating muscle pain and perceived exhaustion, and improving sleep quality, in the days after muscle damaging exercise. The study protocol was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework Registry (registration number: qgw3a).
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026
The aim of this study was to determine the antiamoebic efficacy of povidone-iodine when used as an adjunct to topical biguanide therapy for Acanthamoeba keratitis. Patients with smear- or culture-positive Acanthamoeba keratitis received topical chlorhexidine 0.04%, half-hourly for 2 days, then hourly for days 3-6, then eight times per day for days 7-28. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either adjunctive topical povidone-iodine at the same frequency as chlorhexidine or no additional therapy (i.e., control group). Povidone-iodine was initially administered as a 2.5% solution but was reduced to a 1% solution after several reports of intolerance. The primary outcome was Acanthamoeba growth from the culture of corneal scrapings at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after randomization, as assessed by laboratory staff masked to treatment allocation. Of 49 patients enrolled, 25 were randomized to adjunctive povidone-iodine (mean age 48 [SD 16] years; 32% female) and 24 to control (mean age 43 [15] years; 33% female). Four (16%) participants discontinued 2.5% povidone-iodine prematurely due to intolerance. The proportion of participants with a positive culture during the initial 4 weeks of antiamoebic treatment was not significantly different in the povidone-iodine group (6/18 [33%] at 4 weeks) and control group (5/16 [31%] at 4 weeks) (RR 0.90, 95%CI: 0.35-2.29; P = 0.82). When used as an adjunctive to standard biguanide therapy, povidone-iodine did not markedly accelerate the clearance of Acanthamoeba organisms from the corneal surface over the initial month of therapy.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03484507.
The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026
Inorganic nitrate from dietary sources has raised health concerns due to its possible conversion into carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, leading to strict regulations on nitrate concentrations in food and drinking water. In this study, which was a part of a larger randomized controlled trial, we evaluated urinary excretion of N-nitrosamines in response to daily dietary nitrate intake over a 5-wk period using 2 different forms of nitrate administration. A total of 231 participants with mild hypertension were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 78) consumed vegetables low in nitrate along with a placebo capsule (300 mg potassium chloride). Group 2 (n = 77) consumed the same low-nitrate vegetables plus a potassium nitrate supplement (300 mg). Group 3 (n = 77) consumed nitrate-rich leafy green vegetables providing 300 mg nitrate daily plus the placebo capsule. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected before and after the intervention. Nitrate was measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography and N-nitrosamine concentrations were quantified using ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A paired t-test was used for statistical analyses. As expected, urinary nitrate increased ∼5- to 6-fold in participants consuming nitrate-rich vegetables or potassium nitrate compared with those consuming potassium chloride. Total urinary excretion of N-nitrosamines was low across all groups under basal conditions (<5 μg/24 h) and did not significantly change after the intervention. A similar lack of change was observed for each of the 7 individual N-nitrosamine species measured. These findings suggest that a 5-wk dietary intake of nitrate mostly exceeding the current consensus for upper limit of the acceptable daily intake (3.7 mg/kg/d), whether provided as a vegetable source or as a nitrate salt, does not increase urinary excretion of N-nitrosamines. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02916615.
Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026
Skin glycation, oxidation, carbonylation, and excessive inflammation are well-recognized factors contributing to skin aging and pigmentation. Previous in vitro studies have confirmed vitamin C's antioxidant, anti-glycation, and anti-inflammatory properties, but its in vivo effects remain to be further verified. To investigate the in vivo effects of topical vitamin C serum on skin anti-glycation, anti-carbonylation, antioxidation, and anti-inflammation, and to provide evidence for its anti-aging and skin-brightening applications. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted, enrolling 66 healthy Chinese females, with 31 in the blank group and 35 in the topical group. Participants applied 10% vitamin C serum for 12 weeks. Skin glycation, carbonylated protein content, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) levels, free radical scavenging capacity, and skin color parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. After 12 weeks, the topical group showed significant improvements: AGEs reduced by 17.65%, carbonylation fluorescence intensity decreased by 49.22%, IL-1α content dropped by 58.73%, and ABTS free radical scavenging rate increased by 12.14%. Skin yellowness (b* value) and redness (a* value) decreased by 6.13% and 16.46%, respectively (all p < 0.001). Topical 10% vitamin C serum can effectively mitigate skin glycation, carbonylation, and inflammation, enhance skin antioxidant capacity, and improve skin color, supporting its clinical value in anti-aging and skin-brightening.
JMIR formative research · 2026
Society faces multiple challenges, including lifestyle diseases and global climate change. Framing health education within sustainable development may enhance motivation for behavior change because proenvironmental behaviors, as well as healthy behaviors, often rely on the same behavior change principles. Combining these perspectives may therefore reinforce health behaviors and climate-friendly choices. This pilot study aims to explore changes in dietary intake, diet-related carbon footprint, and physical activity among office workers receiving sustainable plus healthy lifestyle (sustainable lifestyle arm) or healthy lifestyle education (healthy lifestyle arm) alone. It also aims to assess the feasibility of the intervention functions, including workshop attendance rate, participants' dietary goals, social support, and facilitators and barriers to behavior change. A 2-armed participant-blinded cluster randomized study, including an experimental intervention arm (sustainable lifestyle; n=19) and a control intervention arm (healthy lifestyle; n=14), was conducted in Sweden. The study lasted 8 weeks and included 6 workplace-based workshops and was framed by the behavioral change wheel and the socioecological model. Diet, carbon footprint, and physical activity were assessed using the web-based questionnaires Meal-Q and Active-Q. Attendance rate, individual goals, social support, and facilitators and barriers were assessed using printed questionnaires. The reduction of total diet-related carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) was 0.8 kg and 0.4 kg per day for the sustainable and healthy lifestyle arm, respectively. Also, there was a statistically significant interaction between time and lifestyle when the carbon footprint was expressed as a qualitative aspect of diet, that is, CO2e kg per 1000 kcal per day (P=.05). Moreover, the intake of vitamin C, a marker for fruits and vegetables, increased to 8.0 and 12.5 mg per 1000 kcal per day for the sustainable and healthy lifestyle arms, respectively. In addition, total sedentary time decreased by 0.4 hours per day in the sustainable lifestyle arm, but not in the healthy lifestyle arm. This indicates that the educational workshops in respective arms had different impacts on health behavior over time. Minor differences were found in dietary goals, with the sustainable lifestyle arm setting more goals related to ecological and vegetarian foods. No differences were seen between arms regarding barriers or facilitators. This study suggests that embedding healthy lifestyle recommendations within a sustainable development context may be an efficient way to reduce carbon footprint and increase healthy behavior among office workers. Given the ongoing global epidemic of metabolic diseases, climate change, and environmental degradation, promoting a sustainable lifestyle in a workplace context has the potential to counteract these trends.