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New meta-analyses, RCTs and systematic reviews that we monitor daily in PubMed. Independently indexed, not editorially curated.
BMC women's health · 2025
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is defined as excessive menstrual blood loss that negatively affects physical, emotional, social, and quality of life (QoL) of women at reproductive age. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to map and summarize the available evidence on the prevalence, burden, treatment, and barriers to accessing treatment for HMB in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a review of published data in nine databases and included studies published from 1 January 2000 to 28 October 2024. Covidence was used for screening and data extraction. We identified 376 eligible studies conducted in 46 countries. Most of the studies (300, 80%) reported on the treatment of HMB (including 9 studies on treatment and burden), 55 reported on prevalence, 19 reported on burden (including 12 studies on burden and prevalence) and two studies reported on barriers to providing treatment. A total of 55 systematic reviews were included. Prevalence of HMB ranged from 5% to 58%, using a variety of diagnostic and reporting methods. Burdens of HMB included impaired QoL, mental health issues, economic burdens, and health concerns such as anemia. The use of a hormonal intrauterine device was the most commonly reported treatment for HMB (n = 120), followed by progestin (n = 41), combined oral contraceptives (n = 36), gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (n = 31), and tranexamic acid (n = 23). Thirty studies focused on herbal treatment. Lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of treatment options for HMB were mentioned as barriers for HMB treatment. The prevalence of HMB and the variety of treatment options available indicate that HMB is a condition that should not be underestimated and has a large impact on women’s health and well-being. There is a need for reliable, good-quality studies on the prevalence, burden, and treatment access barriers of HMB, especially in LMICs where HMB more often leads to iron deficiency anaemia. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-025-04157-5.
Nutrition journal · 2025
Although nutritional supplementation and exercise have shown independent efficacy in managing sarcopenia, data supporting their combined implementation in real-world clinical settings remain limited. This 12-week multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled 110 older adults (≥ 65 years) with sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either the intervention group (n = 55) or control group (n = 55). In addition to their habitual diets, the intervention group received daily muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation (MT-ONS, 2 × 10 g sachets/day: containing 8.4 g protein, 0.5 g calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, 200 IU D3 per sachet) alongside a structured exercise programs featuring twice-weekly resistance training (20 min/session), alternate-day chair-based exercises (10 min/session), and home-based activity recommendations. Control group participants maintained their habitual dietary and physical activity patterns without intervention. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The intervention group showed modest increases in BIA-derived appendicular lean tissue (mean change + 0.60 kg, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.88), skeletal muscle index (+ 0.20 kg/m², 95% CI 0.11 to 0.29), and handgrip strength (+ 2.22 kg, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.09) compared with the control group. Improvements were also observed in walking speed, chair-stand performance, Short Physical Performance Battery scores, serum vitamin D, and EQ-5D measures of quality of life. A 12-week combined intervention of multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation and exercise led to modest improvements in proxy measures of muscle mass, strength, function, and quality of life in older adults. As muscle mass was not directly measured and the study did not employ a factorial design, the relative contributions of exercise and supplementation cannot be determined. These findings suggest that combined interventions may help attenuate, rather than reverse, sarcopenia-related decline. This clinical trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300077187) on 1 November 2023.
Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026
To investigate the effects of prebiotics combined with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle function, intestinal barrier integrity, and inflammation in elderly patients with sarcopenia. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 elderly sarcopenic patients recruited from Tongji University Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital and Baoshan District Geriatric Care Hospital (Jan 2023 - Jan 2025). Participants were randomly assigned Group A (n = 32, standard diet + HMB-supplement), Group B (n = 31, standard diet + HMB + fructooligosaccharides), or Group C (n = 15, standard diet alone) for 30 days. Outcomes included muscle function (skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, calf circumference), intestinal barrier markers (serum diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, endotoxin), and inflammatory and nutritional markers (CRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, albumin, prealbumin). Baseline indicators did not differ among groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, skeletal muscle mass index and grip strength improved significantly in Groups A and B (P < 0.05), with higher grip strengths to Group B than C (adj. P = 0.017). Calf circumference decreased in all groups (P < 0.05), most in Group C (t = 4.461, P = 0.001). Group B exhibited lower diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin levels than Groups A and C (P < 0.05) and the greatest reductions in CRP, NLR, and SII (P < 0.001). Albumin or prealbumin showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). HMB improves muscle function in sarcopenic elderly, prebiotics combined with HMB further enhance intestinal barrier repair and reduce inflammation, offering a promising gut-muscle-targeted nutritional strategy.
Biogerontology · 2026
Oxidative stress contributes to age-related musculoskeletal decline, partly through disruption of glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis. Although creatine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) have been individually linked to antioxidant and cytoprotective effects, their combined influence on systemic redox balance in older adults remains insufficiently characterized.To examine the effects of creatine plus HMB supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers and composite redox indices, and to explore whether redox adaptations co-vary with changes in functional measures in physically active older adults.In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 30 physically active older adults (62.7 ± 5.3 years; 20 men, 10 women) completed two 6-week intervention phases (3 g/day creatine + 3 g/day calcium HMB vs. placebo) during supervised exercise training. Primary endpoints were oxidized glutathione and the Glutathione Redox Index. Secondary biomarkers and composite indices were analyzed with false discovery rate (FDR) control. Percent changes (Δ%) in functional tests were examined exclusively as exploratory correlates of redox adaptations.Supplementation was associated with attenuation of the placebo-related increase in oxidized glutathione and nominal preservation of the Glutathione Redox Index, although these effects did not remain significant after FDR adjustment. In men, a nominal increase in malondialdehyde was observed under supplementation. Exploratory analyses indicated weak associations between changes in composite redox indices and Δ% functional measures.Creatine plus HMB supplementation was associated with nominal modulation of glutathione-centered redox balance during training in active older adults. Exploratory redox-function associations support further investigation in larger, adequately powered trials.
Age and ageing · 2026
Resistance training has robust evidence for improving muscle health in older adults; however, the additional benefit of adjunctive supplementation with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of HMB supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition and muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials investigating HMB supplementation with resistance training in older adults. The main results examined fat mass, muscle mass, and muscle strength. Meta-analyses were conducted using robust variance estimation with small-sample corrections. The Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 561 participants were involved in 13 RCTs. According to meta-analysis data, supplementing with HMB is not advantageous concerning fat mass (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.49), muscle mass (SMD = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.20), and muscle strength (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.72 to 0.63). There was low heterogeneity for body composition outcomes but high heterogeneity for strength measures. No evidence of publication bias was detected. The combination of HMB supplementation and resistance training does not improve body composition or muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older. Based on the available evidence, HMB supplementation cannot be recommended as a routine adjunct to resistance training in individuals who are able to undertake structured exercise.
Complementary therapies in medicine · 2025
L-arginine and L-ornithine have previously shown limited short-term immunological benefits in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the extended efficacy and durability of the response to L-arginine or L-ornithine as adjuncts to periodontal therapy in adults with periodontitis. In this study, 75 patients who previously received the course of L-arginine or L-ornithine as adjuncts to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) during a preliminary randomized short-term part of a clinical trial (NCT05042024) were assessed clinically and immunologically (nested) after 12 months follow-up. The immunological assay included immunohistochemical identification of densities of CD68 + and CD163 + single-positive gingival macrophages. All patients did not receive new prescriptions or dietary changes and underwent personalized steps of periodontal treatment during observation. After one year, patients who received L-arginine or L-ornithine exhibited a significant reduction of sites with periodontal pocket depth of 4-5 mm compared to PMPR (p < 0.0001). L-ornithine was associated with BoP decreasing compared to PMPR and L-arginine (95 % CI of odds ratio [1.12-1.46], p = 0.0002; CI [0.72-0.94], p = 0.004), CD68 + and CD163 + macrophages density increasing compared to PMPR (p < 0.001) and L-arginine (p < 0.05). L-arginine resulted in increased density of CD68 + macrophages and elevated CD68 + /CD163 + ratio compared to the PMPR and L-ornithine; CI [0.41-0.63], p = 0.009, CI [1.45-2.72], p < 0.0001. After one year, L-ornithine supplementation demonstrated more pronounced clinical benefits than L-arginine, although both can modulate gingival CD68 + and CD163 + macrophages.
European journal of dermatology : EJD · 2025
Photoelectric therapies (or non-invasive energy-based device treatment), especially picosecond lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) treatments, are widely used to manage various cutaneous conditions, including pigmentation, inflammation, and signs of aging. However, these treatments can also impair the integrity of the skin barrier, making post-treatment repair of skin barrier function essential to maintain perioperative curative effects. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Eucerin® UltraSensitive Soothing Care Gel (GEL) and co-use of GEL and Eucerin® UltraSensitive Repair Intensive Source Serum (CO-USE) during the perioperative procedure. This study was designed with a four-week follow-up period, in which the first two weeks represented a pre-treatment phase. Self-assessment, clinical evaluation, and non-invasive skin testing were used at each visit after treatments to determine the efficacy of the two products. Compared to the placebo (PBO) group, both the GEL and CO-USE groups exhibited a significantly greater reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and a notable increase in stratum corneum hydration (SCH) 24 hours post treatment. Regarding facial redness, there was a significantly greater decrease in the GEL and CO-USE groups compared to the PBO group at all follow-up time points on the picosecond laser side. Moreover, the CO-USE group showed superior efficacy in alleviating skin sensitivity symptoms following the interventions. Both products were well tolerated and exhibited favourable safety profiles. Both commercially available skincare products tested in the present study were found to be clinically effective in inhibiting laser-induced skin barrier damage, and reducing skin redness and skin sensitivity.
Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2025
Pressure ulcers pose a significant health challenge, requiring effective management strategies. Nutrition, particularly arginine and glutamine, supports collagen synthesis and tissue repair. This review evaluates the role of enteral glutamine and arginine supplementation on wound healing outcomes, addressing gaps in previous research. A PRISMA-guided systematic search of five databases identified studies published between 2004 and 2024 on adults with pressure ulcers receiving these supplements. Outcomes assessed included healing time, wound size reduction, local infection, recurrence, and pain. A narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity, with bias assessed via Cochrane RoB2 and JBI checklists. Fifteen studies involving 1085 participants were included. Findings indicated a trend toward improved healing with arginine or combined arginine/glutamine supplements, with relative wound size reductions of 18.6% to 98.2% over 2 to 20 weeks. However, inconsistencies were noted, with seven studies showing non-significant or unreported differences in wound size, and six studies with similar issues for healing time. Glutamine was examined only in combination with arginine, limiting insights into its isolated effects. None of the studies reported on recurrence or pain outcomes. While arginine shows potential for enhancing healing, evidence remains inconclusive. Future research should emphasise follow-up until complete wound closure and explore the independent effects of glutamine on wound healing outcomes.
Pediatric hematology and oncology · 2025
Pain is the clinical hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD), with painful Vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs) being the common medical emergencies associated with an increased mortality rate. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-arginine as an adjuvant therapy for children with SCD and VOE, as well as its effect on Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity (TRJV) during VOE. The primary outcome was to evaluate the efficacy of L-arginine on pain intensity. This double-blind, randomized, controlled, and parallel prospective study was carried out on 40 SCD children who presented with VOE and met the inclusion criteria. The mean ± SD of age was 8.8 ± 3.2 years, and 62.5% were males. They were randomized into two groups; Group 1 included 20 patients who received L-Arginine (100 mg/kg/dose three times/day for 15 doses or until their discharge) plus standard therapy. Group 2 consisted of 20 patients who received a placebo in addition to standard therapy. Total analgesic use, daily pain score, time to crisis resolution, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Routine laboratory investigations, serum L-Arginine, asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) levels and the Arginine/ADMA ratio were assessed. Moreover, Echocardiography was performed to assess TRJV. All these parameters were assessed at baseline (during painful crisis), at discharge, and during the clinically asymptomatic state. As regards the age, sex, consanguinity, or family history there were no statistically significant difference between all of the studied groups. L-arginine therapy significantly decreased pain score at the 3rd day of admission(p-value 0.036), total analgesic use (p-value <0.001), time to crisis resolution (p-value 0.011), length of hospital stays (p-value 0.016), and TRJV (p-value < 0.001). Additionally, serum L-arginine level and Arginine/ADMA ratio (p-value <0.001) were increased upon arginine treatment. Additionally, statistically significant differences in the serum L-arginine level, serum ADMA level, Arginine/ADMA ratio, and TRJV were reported during painful crisis compared to the asymptomatic state. L-arginine Supplementation improved painful VOE symptoms in SCD children and decreased TRJV in those children. Oral arginine could be a promising adjuvant therapy for SCD-VOE management.
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism · 2026
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term oral L-arginine (ARG) supplementation on vascular parameters, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and muscular performance during upper limb resistance exercise in healthy young men. A randomized, double-blind, crossover design was used with 16 recreationally trained men. Participants ingested ARG (3.2-9.6 g/day) or placebo for 4 days, separated by a 14-day washout. On the fourth day, they completed three sets of biceps curls at 65% of one-repetition maximum to concentric failure. Primary outcomes included total repetitions performed and fatigue ratio. Secondary outcomes comprised brachial artery diameter, peak systolic velocity, blood flow (velocity-time integral), vascular resistance index, plasma NO, and blood lactate concentrations. No significant differences were observed between ARG and placebo in muscular endurance (total repetitions, p = .305), volume load, or fatigue ratio. Plasma NO levels did not differ between conditions (p = .522). Although brachial artery diameter significantly increased 1-min postexercise in the ARG condition compared with placebo (p = .023), no differences were found for velocity-time integral, peak systolic velocity, resistance index, or blood pressure. Blood lactate concentrations rose after exercise in both groups, with a nonsignificant value in the ARG condition (p = .09 at 9-min postexercise). Short-term oral ARG supplementation did not enhance muscular endurance, systemic NO concentration, or vascular function during upper limb resistance exercise in healthy young men. Although a minor increase in brachial artery dilation was observed shortly after exercise, the effect was transient and insufficient to support meaningful ergogenic benefits.
Journal of dairy science · 2026
Arginine is one of the most versatile among the AA because of its important role in multiple functions of the body. However, the effect of Arg supplementation on lactational performance in dairy cows, and the associated influencing factors, have not been well characterized. Weighted mean differences (WMD) of continuous variables from 14 articles published by March 31, 2025, were pooled by random-effects models using the Stata version 17 to explore the details regarding Arg application in dairy cows. Results showed that Arg supplementation increased milk yield (WMD = 1.29 kg/d, [95% CI: 0.58, 1.99]), milk protein yield (WMD = 0.04 kg/d, [95% CI: 0.00, 0.07]), and milk fat yield (WMD = 0.06 kg/d, [95% CI: 0.02, 0.10]) with significant heterogeneities (Varlevel1 < 75%), but had no overall effects on DMI, milk protein concentration, milk fat concentration, lactose yield, and lactose concentration. Moderator analysis revealed that the positive effects of Arg supplementation on milk yield, milk protein yield, and milk fat yield were more prominent in dairy cows in early lactation or being fed an MP-adequate diet or corn silage-based diet. Compared with feeding rumen-protected Arg, Arg supplementation through infusion increased the milk yield (WMD = 1.21 kg/d, [95% CI: 0.48, 1.95]) and had a tendency to increase the milk protein yield (WMD = 0.04 kg/d, [95% CI: 0.00, 0.08]). Regression analysis showed that graded increases of total digestible Arg supply had linear effects on milk yield and milk fat yield. These findings indicated the beneficial effects of supplemental Arg on lactational performance in dairy cows.
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society · 2025
Lower limb arterial disease is among the most common vascular disorders, with its incidence rising significantly in aging populations, thus posing a major social and healthcare challenge. Currently, L-arginine is considered by vascular surgery experts as a compound with therapeutic potential in intermittent claudication, though its clinical efficacy remains insufficiently confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral L-arginine supplementation in patients with atherosclerotic lower limb ischemia, with particular regard to lipid metabolism disorders. A randomized study included 100 patients (62 men and 38 women) over 50 years of age with Fontaine stage II ischemia. The study group received oral L-arginine at a dose of 6 g/day for 30 and 60 days. Clinical parameters were assessed, including the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and pain-free walking distance (PFWD), along with oxidative stress markers (serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration, total antioxidant status (TAS)) and lipid profile (total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides). In both study and control groups, subgroups with hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and mixed hyperlipidemia were additionally identified. Evaluations were performed at baseline, day 30, and day 60. After 30 and 60 days, significant increases in NO and TAS levels (p<0.001), as well as extended PFWD (p<0.001), were observed across all subgroups receiving L-arginine compared with controls. No significant effects were observed on ABI (right or left) or on cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. These findings support the potential role of L-arginine as a supportive therapy in the management of atherosclerotic complications, particularly by improving oxidative balance and exercise tolerance.
Vascular biology (Bristol, England) · 2025
Vascular aging is a multifactorial process characterized by structural and functional changes that compromise endothelial homeostasis and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the factors involved in this process, methylarginines, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), stand out. These negatively modulate nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, compromising endothelial function. This systematic review aimed to investigate the relationship between vascular aging and methylarginine levels, considering their influence on endothelial dysfunction and its impact on human health. The systematic search was conducted in scientific databases, resulting in the inclusion of four studies: three observational studies in humans and one experimental study in vitro. The findings demonstrated that elevated levels of ADMA, SDMA, and L-NMMA are associated with the progression of endothelial dysfunction, increased cardiovascular risk, and cognitive impairment in the elderly. The in vitro study reinforced this evidence by demonstrating that increasing concentrations of ADMA accelerate endothelial cell senescence, reduce telomerase activity, and decrease NO production. Interpretation of the results should consider the methodological limitations of the included studies, but the findings reinforce the role of methylarginines as potential biomarkers of vascular aging and highlight the need for further investigations exploring therapeutic strategies to minimize their deleterious effects.
Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
Mycobacterium leprae remains uncultivable in axenic media, a constraint that continues to hamper leprosy research. As research animals, such as mice or armadillos, are the only reproducible method of sustained laboratory growth, this is restricted to a few specialized laboratories. The development of axenic media would increase access to this field. We performed a descriptive bibliographic review (May 2025) across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using both controlled vocabulary and free terms related to M. leprae cultivation. After de-duplication and screening, 78 studies met the inclusion criteria. Historically, claims of in vitro growth on egg-based or synthetic media have proven irreproducible or were subsequently attributed to non-leprae mycobacteria. Temperature and gas composition emerge as critical parameters: convergent evidence indicates thermosensitivity with optimal performance at 30-33 °C and deterioration at 37 °C; limited growth has been reported under microaerophilic atmospheres (~2.5% O₂ with added CO₂), yet durable subculture remains unachieved. Cell-based systems-such as macrophages or Schwann cells, which are traditional targets in vivo of M. leprae-can preserve viability for weeks and occasionally increase bacterial counts, but continuous, exponential replication has not been demonstrated. Mechanistic insights from genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics suggest that while M. leprae presents extensive gene decay, many core biosynthetic pathways persist. Lipid droplets (LD), immunomodulators (e.g., IL-10, PGE₂, and IGF-I), and L-arginine/nitric oxide pathways appear to shape the intracellular fate of the bacterium. An alternative unifying hypothesis posits that failure in vitro reflects structural fragility rather than a single auxotrophy, with host-derived factors (e.g., LDs and iron delivery) transiently compensating in vivo. To date, no reproducible, cell-free culture system exists. This review aims to provide a starting point for future research into this objective. Achieving a reproducible in vitro culture of Hansen's bacilli would represent a major advance in the field of leprology and would significantly accelerate translational research in this disease.
Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2026
Vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in sickle cell disease involve nitric oxide deficiency, creating a rationale for l-arginine. This meta-analysis evaluates its efficacy on clinical VOC outcomes including pain, opioid use, and hospitalization by synthesizing evidence from RCTS. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs comparing l-arginine with placebo or standard care in SCD patients. Primary outcomes were pain scores, opioid consumption, time to crisis resolution, and length of hospital stay. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Eight RCTs comprising 830 patients were included. Analysis revealed no statistically significant benefit of arginine on primary outcomes. The evidence, of low certainty, indicated no significant effect on pain scores (SMD -1.55, 95 % CI [-6.72, 3.62]) or opioid consumption (MD -0.78 mg/kg, 95 % CI [-2.80, 1.23]). Similarly, no significant differences were observed for time to crisis resolution (MD -12.64 h, 95 % CI [-25.82, 0.54]) or length of hospital stay (MD -24.83 h, 95 % CI [-71.18, 21.51]). A non-significant 23 % increase in hospital readmission risk was observed (RR 1.23, 95 % CI [0.92, 1.65]). Pharmacodynamic analysis confirmed increased plasma arginine levels but showed no significant change in the arginine-to-ornithine ratio. In summary, this meta-analysis found that l-arginine showed no statistically significant benefit on any primary clinical outcome in patients with sickle cell disease experiencing VOC. This absence of proven efficacy, coupled with a potential safety signal regarding hospital readmissions, precludes its recommendation for routine clinical use. Consequently, these findings underscore the urgent need for a large, definitive RCT to determine the efficacy and safety of arginine therapy.
Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is a pancreatic inflammatory disease lacking specific therapeutics. Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) has been proven to alleviate the severity and mortality of AP. However, its underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore DCQD's dynamic metabolic regulatory effects on AP patients and potential pharmacodynamic substances via serum metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry analysis, with validation in animal models. AP patients were randomized into conventional therapy (Con) and Con + DCQD groups. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at four time points (admission, 24 h/96 h post-admission, pre-discharge) for biochemical assays and UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS analysis. Metabolomics was used to screen AP-related biomarkers, evaluate the two regimens' reversal effects, and compare inter-group differences in metabolic recovery trajectories. Prototypes and metabolites of DCQD were identified, with potential pharmacodynamic substances screened via correlation analysis with AP biomarkers. L-arginine-induced SAP mouse model was used for validation. Serum amylase normalization and C-reactive protein decline were accelerated in Con + DCQD group. Both regimens reversed AP-related energy, amino acid, and lipid metabolic disorders. Adjuvant DCQD therapy accelerated inflammation alleviation and energy homeostasis restoration in early stage, and improved lipid metabolism more comprehensively in middle-to-late stage, with efficacy validated in SAP mice. Forty-eight and 35 blood-migrated components were identified in patients and mice, respectively, with 8 key pharmacodynamic substances screened. Integrating serum metabolomics and multi-time-point monitoring, this study delineated AP's metabolic recovery trajectory and clarified DCQD's efficacy and dynamic metabolic regulation, providing guidance for its clinical application.
Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2025
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects millions of people globally. Accurate early diagnosis remains a challenge due to the lack of specific biomarkers. This systematic review explores the potential of 1H-NMR metabolomics in identifying diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for PD. A comprehensive analysis was conducted across databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase, focusing on studies that utilized 1H-NMR spectroscopy to profile metabolites associated with PD progression. The review identifies key metabolites-glutamate, taurine, myo-inositol, glutamine, and creatine-that play critical roles in the pathophysiology of PD. Glutamate, linked to excitotoxicity and neuronal degeneration, emerges as a prominent target for therapeutic intervention, while taurine is associated with oxidative stress. Myo-inositol, a key regulator of autophagy, underscores the biochemical dysregulation associated with PD, similar to glutamine and glutamate. Creatine's role in neuronal energy metabolism suggests potential avenues for treatment focused on energy supplementation. The reproducibility of metabolite findings varied, indicating the complexity of PD's metabolomic landscape. Despite challenges in consistency, these metabolites hold promise as biomarkers for diagnosing PD and tracking disease progression. The review underscores the need for further validation of these markers and their integration with other omics technologies to enhance PD management. By identifying key metabolic pathways, this study opens new directions for personalized medicine, offering potential therapeutic targets to slow disease progression and improve patient outcomes.
International journal of food sciences and nutrition · 2025
Taurine is recognised for its neuroprotective effects, however, its potential role on cognition remains controversial. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine on cognition in both cognitively impaired and non-impaired populations. Electronic databases was searched up to January 2025 according to eligibility criteria. A total of 7 RCTs with 9 intervention trials involving 402 individuals were included. Taurine, administered alone or in combination with exercise training, did not exhibit significant effects in cognitive scores. Compared with therapeutic drugs alone, the combination of taurine and therapeutic drugs did not produce greater improvements in cognitive performance, however, subgroup analysis indicated that this combination resulted in significant enhancements in the Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD = 3.09, 95% CI: 2.29-3.90). Overall, the findings of the present meta-analysis do not provide sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of taurine supplementation in enhancing cognitive function.
Clinical and translational science · 2025
Sodium taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) gel is a novel candidate for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and is currently under clinical development. TDCA is a taurine-conjugated bile acid derivative that acts as a G protein-coupled bile acid receptor agonist and modulates immune responses. This phase 1 study aimed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of sodium TDCA after single and multiple topical administrations of sodium TDCA gel in healthy male subjects. Subjects were randomized to receive a single topical administration of sodium TDCA 5, 10, 30, and 50 mg (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of 10 g) gel or placebo in the single-ascending dose (SAD) study (N = 32), and sodium TDCA 10, 30, and 50 mg (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% of 10 g) gel or placebo for 28 days (N = 24) in the multiple-ascending dose (MAD) study. Safety profiles were assessed based on adverse events (AEs), global irritation score (GIS), and numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). Serial blood samples were collected for 24 h at baseline and up to 168 h post-dose in the SAD study and for 72 h at baseline and up to 240 h post-dose at steady state in the MAD study. No serious AEs were reported and all AEs were mild in severity for both SAD and MAD studies. The plasma concentrations of TDCA did not increase significantly after topical administrations. Changes in the plasma concentrations of TDCA likely reflected the circadian rhythm rather than the administration of sodium TDCA gel.
Nutrition and cancer · 2025
This multicenter, randomized, non-inferiority phase III trial (NCT03792100) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SmofKabiven®, a three-chamber parenteral nutrition (PN) emulsion in adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Eligible participants were randomized to either SmofKabiven® group (SEG) (n = 135) or hospital-compounded PN group (HCG) (n = 134) for five consecutive postoperative days. The primary endpoint was the change in serum prealbumin levels from baseline to day 6, with a non-inferiority margin of -2.75 mg/dL. By day 6, change of serum prealbumin levels from baseline was 3.22 mg/dl in the SEG and 2.74 mg/dl in the HCG, with a difference of 0.48 mg/dl (95% confidence interval: -0.80 to 1.77), indicating comparable improvement in nutritional status. Linoleic acid decreased more with SEG than that with HCG (between-group difference: -7.84 mg/l, P = 0.0128), while arachidonic acid decreased more with HCG (between-group difference: 0.38 mg/l, P = 0.0025). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly higher with SEG (between-group difference: EPA, 0.48 mg/l, P < 0.0001; DHA, 0.64 mg/l, P < 0.0001, respectively), and taurine levels also increased significantly (between-group difference: 14.77 µM, P = 0.0217). Treatment-related adverse events were comparable in the two groups. SmofKabiven® was comparable to hospital-compounded PN in improving postoperative nutritional status and safety profile and its enrichment with omega-3 fatty acids and taurine may provide additional benefits.