English content coming soon. Articles are currently in Dutch only. You can browse them below or switch to the Dutch version.
Everything about supplements, biohacking and health — evidence-based and optimized for your goals.
Recommendations in your plan are never random. We combine three sources of information — and you can verify each of them yourself.
Not medical advice
SuppleMind does not replace your doctor, pharmacist, or dietitian. Consult a healthcare professional before changing supplements, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, on medication, or managing a medical condition.
New meta-analyses, RCTs and systematic reviews that we monitor daily in PubMed. Independently indexed, not editorially curated.
Frontiers in medicine · 2024
The effectiveness of using Cordyceps sinensis as an adjuvant therapy for patients with renal dysfunction (RD), especially acute kidney injury (AKI), is still a topic of debate. In response to the current conflicting data, the present meta-analysis was conducted to assess the clinical effectiveness of C. sinensis in the treatment of RD and to provide evidence for clinical practice. Several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang, were systematically searched updated to March 25, 2024. We used the combined ratio (OR) and diagnostic ratio (DOR) to assess the therapeutic effect of C. sinensis. In addition, risk of bias was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. The present meta-analysis ultimately incorporated 15 studies comprising a total of 1,310 patients with RD. We pooled estimated the sensitivity, specificity as well as DOR from patient-based analyses with 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84-0.93), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.59-0.77) and 18.0 (95% CI: 8.0-39.0), respectively. Moreover, we calculated the combined positive likelihood ratio (PLR) as well as negative likelihood ratio (NLR) to be 2.8 (95% CI: 2.1-3.9) and 0.16 (95% CI: 0.10-0.27), respectively. Additionally, area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) was calculated as 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.90) reflecting prognostic accuracy. Subsequently, subgroup analysis indicated that the clinical efficacy of C. sinensis in northern Chinese patients with RD was superior to that of southern. On the other hand, C. sinensis significantly reduced patients' blood creatinine levels, shortened the oliguria period, and increased urine osmolality, indicating it can improve the function of glomeruli and renal tubules. Our results indicate that C. sinensis can be considered a dependable clinical treatment for individuals with RD. It may improve the function of glomeruli and tubules, promote the recovery of tubular function, and thus enhance the clinical therapeutic effects. www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42024559042.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
Entomopathogenic fungus-based biopesticides are an excellent alternative to synthetic pesticides and are widely used in insect pest control. With the transformations of the agri-food system, it is important to consider the One Health approach, which recognizes that health threats are shared at the interface between people, animals, plants, and the environment. The safety and environmental impact of fungi-based insecticides should be assessed comprehensively, taking into account not only their effects on non-target organisms and human health but also their environmental fate. This includes how these substances degrade, persist, or dissipate in soil, water, and air and their potential to bioaccumulate or leach into groundwater. Such assessments are essential to ensure that their long-term use does not pose unintended risks to ecosystems or public health. This systematic review aims to identify and analyze available studies on the potential One Health hazards associated with fungal biopesticides. A total of 134 articles were selected: 84 bioassay articles (63%), 36 case reports (27%), 10 field studies (7%), and 4 other types of studies (3%). Of these articles, 59 were studies on vertebrate animals and 65 studies on invertebrate animals, 6 studies on diverse organisms, 2 studies focused specifically on risk assessment for non-target organisms in the environment, while 2 other studies looked at the toxicological hazards associated with human exposure to the metabolites of the fungus present in air. The United States had the highest number of publications (33). Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae followed by the fungi Cordyceps fumosorosea (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) and B. brongniartii were the most prevalent fungal species in the studies. This review highlights that case reports of infections in humans and other vertebrates by fungi are not related to the use of fungal biopesticides. A predominance of studies with bees was identified due to the importance of these insects as pollinators. The findings indicate that fungal biopesticides pose minimal risks when used appropriately. Nevertheless, the necessity for standardized safety assessments is emphasized. In order to ensure greater effectiveness, it is essential to develop unified protocols and bioassays with specific risk indicators aligned with the One Health approach. This includes evaluating potential effects on pollinators, vertebrate toxicity, and the environmental persistence of metabolites. In future research, the development of integrated guidelines that simultaneously consider human, animal, and environmental health is recommended.
Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025
Cordyceps is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine known for its various components with antioxidant properties, which may theoretically improve melasma. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a new skin-lightening cosmetic containing Cordyceps extract (referred to as Cordyceps essence) in treating female patients with melasma. Sixty-two women with melasma were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups for 12 weeks of treatment. Group A received oral tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with topical hydroquinone cream, while Group B received oral TXA combined with topical Cordyceps essence. Changes in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI), melanin index (MI), and erythema index (EI) were monitored and assessed before and after treatment. Patient-reported satisfaction and adverse events were also recorded. Additionally, a metabolomic analysis was conducted on 15 randomly selected patients from Group B. After 12 weeks of treatment, intra-group comparisons revealed that MASI scores, MI, and EI significantly decreased in both Group A and B compared to baseline (p < 0.05). However, inter-group comparisons showed no statistical differences in MASI scores, MI, or EI between the two groups after treatment (p > 0.05). Adverse reactions occurred in 4 people (13.8%) in Group A and 1 person (3.3%) in Group B. Patient satisfaction with treatment was similar in both groups. The metabolomic analysis identified significant differences in 29 metabolites and 15 metabolic pathways after treatment (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that both oral TXA combined with hydroquinone cream and oral TXA combined with Cordyceps essence significantly improved melasma in women. However, the incidence of adverse reactions was lower with topical Cordyceps essence than that with hydroquinone cream. Cordyceps essence appeared to be a promising alternative for patients intolerant to hydroquinone cream. Metabolomic analysis revealed that modulation of melanogenesis-related metabolites, enhanced antioxidant activity, and improved skin barrier function collectively contributed to the clinical improvement in melasma severity. The improvement of melasma with oral TXA and topical Cordyceps essence may be closely linked to changes in endogenous differential metabolites in the skin and the regulation of amino acid metabolic pathways.
Journal of evidence-based medicine · 2025
Bailing Capsules (BLC) and Yong Chong Cao Capsules (YChCC) share similar medicinal components, but Yong Chong Cao benefit from more advanced cultivation and large-scale production. This study systematically compared their therapeutic effects in patients with mild-to-severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). This study was designed as a multi-center, randomized, active-controlled trial. 240 COPD patients were randomized 1:1 to receive YChCC or BLC for 24 weeks, followed by a 24‑week follow‑up. The primary endpoints were number of acute exacerbations. Secondary outcomes included, time to first exacerbation, and exacerbation duration, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1%, forced vital capacity (FVC), FVC%, FEV1/FVC%, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT), and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Clinical Questionnaire (CCQ). A total of 208 patients completed the trial (full analysis set, FAS), and 178 comprised the per‑protocol set (PPS). Compared with BLC, YChCC significantly reduced the number of acute exacerbations (FAS: p = 0.002; PPS: p = 0.003) and prolonged time to first exacerbation. No significant between‑group differences were observed in lung function parameters or mMRC, CAT, and CCQ scores. YChCC represent a promising adjuvant therapy for patients with stable COPD, ranging from mild to severe. They significantly prolong the time to the first acute exacerbation and reduce the frequency of acute exacerbations, thereby offering potential benefits in managing COPD. This trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the registration number NCT03745261. NCT0374526.
The British journal of nutrition · 2024
Ganoderma lucidum (a mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine) compounds may attenuate ageing-related physiological changes and restore normal immunity. However, studies on the physiological effects of Ganoderma lucidum dry extract food supplements are few. Therefore, here, we aimed to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum dry extract food supplement on the lymphocyte function of older women. This was a double-blind clinical trial (n 60) with a final 39 older volunteers, divided into two groups Ganoderma lucidum (n 23) and placebo (n 16). The Ganoderma lucidum group received 2000 mg/d of Ganoderma lucidum dry extract for 8 weeks. We used flow cytometry to determine the lymphocyte profile. CD4+ lymphocyte gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We observed that in the Ganoderma lucidum group, concanavalin A stimulation increased lymphocyte proliferation. Further, we observed an increase in expression of Forkhead box P3, transforming growth factor-beta, IL-10, IL-6, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma, GATA-binding protein 3 and interferon gamma genes in the Ganoderma lucidum group. Furthermore, in the Ganoderma lucidum group, ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation led to decrease in Th17+ cells and increase in Th2+ cells. Thus, in older women, Ganoderma lucidum regulates T lymphocyte function leading to a predominant anti-inflammatory action but does not induce T lymphocyte proliferation through CD28 signalling pathway.
Nutrients · 2025
Background: Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is widely recognized for its notable medicinal and nutritional properties. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of GLSO extract in individuals with dyslipidemia. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 110 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the placebo group. A chi-square test of baseline characteristics confirmed no significant differences in age or sex distribution between the two groups. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower levels of total cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alongside significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), compared to the placebo group, with all differences reaching statistical significance. Furthermore, the relative percentage changes in lipid parameters also demonstrated significant intergroup differences. Safety analyses revealed that the intervention had no notable effects on renal function parameters, whereas hepatic function parameters showed statistically significant improvement in the intervention group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that GLSO extract effectively improved lipid profiles and liver function, with a favorable safety and tolerability profile. These findings strongly support the potential clinical application of GLSO extract in the management of dyslipidemia.
Carbohydrate research · 2025
Edible Fungal polysaccharides as Immunomodulators: A Systematic Review at the Crossroads of Immunology, Natural Products Chemistry, and Microbiology. The chemical structure-specifically molecular weight, branching degree, and functional group modifications-directly dictates immunological activity. For instance, high-molecular-weight β-glucans activate macrophage surface receptors through triple-helix conformations, whereas sulfation enhances electrostatic interactions with immune cells. Mechanistically, polysaccharides regulate macrophage polarization, dendritic cell maturation, and T/B cell activation, therebyengaging core signaling pathways such as TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, and MAPK, This orchestrates synergistic enhancement of innate and adaptive immunity. Recent research further demonstrate that polysaccharides can also reshape the gut microbiota-immune metabolic axis by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and activating receptors (e.g., GPR43), indirectly modulating systemic immune responses. Clinically, polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and Lentinus edodes demonstrate efficacy in cancer adjuvant therapy by enhancing immune function and reducing radiotherapy/chemotherapy side effects. However, species-specific receptor recognition heterogeneity and lack of standardized preparation protocols impede clinical translation. Therefore,the implementing an integrated strategy of "polysaccharide structure-immunometabolic reprogramming-precision delivery" to overcome the existing bottlenecks. Combining multi-omics approaches (e.g., gut metagenomics and metabolomics) will advance therapeutics targeting microbiota-immune crosstalk. Such strategies aim to address chronic inflammatory inflammation", malignancies, and related pathologies with enhanced mechanistic specificity.
Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
Increasing interest in improving physical performance and muscle mass in adults has highlighted the potential benefits of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation. While numerous studies have been conducted in this area, the hormonal response to HMB remains unclear. We hypothesized that HMB supplementation would significantly increase anabolic hormone levels, particularly testosterone, while not affecting the cortisol, IGF-1, or growth hormone levels in adults. A comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, was performed to identify relevant studies until January 2024. The protocol was registered with Prospero (CRD42024552074). The studies evaluated the impact of HMB supplementation on hormonal outcomes, including testosterone, cortisol, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone (GH). Utilizing a random-effects model, the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed, and the GRADE framework was applied. A total of 15 controlled trials (CTs) comprising 712 participants were included. HMB supplementation significantly increased testosterone levels (SMD: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.29, p = 0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in the cortisol (SMD: -0.39, 95% CI: -0.92, 0.14, p = 0.14), IGF-1 (SMD: -0.18, 95% CI: -0.54, 0.18, p = 0.33), and GH (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.73, 0.82, p = 0.91) levels. According to the GRADE criteria, the quality of evidence was rated as ranging from low to high. HMB supplementation significantly elevates testosterone levels in adults without distinct impacts on other hormonal pathways. However, it does not appear to significantly influence the cortisol, IGF-1, or GH levels.
Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025
Physical impairment has been gaining attention as a fundamental outcome in nutrition therapy for critically ill patients. This review aims to evaluate current evidence and identify knowledge gaps regarding nutrition therapy for physical function and muscle mass, based on 17 systematic reviews developed for the Japanese Critical Care Nutrition Guideline 2024. Literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and ICHUSHI until April 2023, with additional searches up to September 2024. Studies were categorized by nutritional intervention and key findings were summarized. Overfeeding-of both energy and protein-increased adverse outcomes including impaired physical function. Excessive energy restriction also impaired physical outcomes, even during the hyperacute phase. Although adequate energy intake is physiologically necessary during recovery phases, most studies did not report nutritional intake during this period. Protein intake above the standard level helped preserve muscle mass. Nutrition therapy combined with early rehabilitation appears to support physical function. Under the equivalent energy intake, the route and method of administration had minimal impact, but can help ensure adequate delivery. The effects of specific nutrients remain unclear due to limited studies and insufficient or unreported energy intake. Nevertheless, omega-3 fatty acids, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, and synbiotics showed potential benefits. Although overfeeding may be harmful during the hyperacute phase, adequate energy intake, at least in the late period of the acute phase and subsequent phases, could play an important role in supporting the recovery of muscle mass and physical function. This approach may enhance the effectiveness of nutritional interventions in improving physical outcomes.
Diagnostic pathology · 2025
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the pancreas is a rare tumor of pancreatic mesenchymal origin with malignant potential. Critical to appropriate clinical management is determining whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Because of its rarity, morphologic and histologic characteristics and limited patient follow-up of pancreatic PEComa have precluded precise definition of malignancy. However, because malignant pancreatic PEComa appears to be distinctly uncommon, further improvements characterizing its preoperative imaging features could facilitate use of diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound biopsy and perhaps ablative treatment. This paper presents a case of pancreatic PEComa treated at the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College and includes a systematic literature review with special emphasis on the key imaging features of pancreatic PEComa. In February 2024, a woman in her 50s was admitted to the hospital with subxiphoid discomfort. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the upper abdomen revealed a round, solid mass in the pancreatic uncinate process. The patient underwent pancreatic mass resection and pancreaticojejunostomy, and the diagnosis of pancreatic PEComa was confirmed through pathological examination. Imaging examinations appear valuable for a tentative diagnosis of pancreatic PEComa. Key imaging features include its frequent occurrence in the pancreatic head, typically small to moderate size, "pushing" as opposed to infiltrative growth pattern with well-defined margins, and the presence of a capsule. The lesions are usually solid and often exhibit mild to moderate heterogenous enhancement during the arterial phase, with reduced enhancement in the portal and delayed phases.
Frontiers in nutrition · 2025
A growing body of evidence confirms that nutritional supplementation strategies combined with resistance training can enhance muscle strength and mass in older adults. However, the optimal supplementation approach remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of different nutritional interventions combined with resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults and determine the optimal strategy. A systematic search was performed across three major biomedical databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMbase) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of nutritional supplementation combined with resistance training on muscle strength and mass in healthy older adults. A total of 19 eligible RCTs were included. The search covered literature from database inception to April 2025. Two researchers independently screened studies against predefined eligibility criteria and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Stata 18.0 was used to conduct network meta-analysis. Compared with resistance training alone, protein supplementation combined with resistance training significantly enhanced muscle strength [Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20,0.69; surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) = 98.7%] and muscle mass [Mean Difference (MD) = 0.37, 95%CI: 0.04,0.70],whereas creatine supplementation demonstrated non-significant effects on muscle strength versus training alone (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.35,0.42) but yielded the most pronounced improvement in muscle mass (MD = 2.18, 95%CI: 0.92,3.44; SUCRA = 99.9%), outperforming both protein and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) interventions, with HMB supplementation critically failing to demonstrate significant benefits for muscle strength (SMD = -0.22, 95%CI: -0.57,0.12) or mass outcomes (MD = 0.05, 95%CI: -0.33,0.44). https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251026016.
Women's health (London, England) · 2025
Vilaprisan is a selective progesterone receptor modulator with demonstrated efficacy in the management of uterine fibroids (UFs). To evaluate the safety and efficacy of vilaprisan in Japanese women with UFs and heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Open-label, parallel-group, Phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Japanese women with UFs and HMB were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive vilaprisan (2 mg/day) for either four treatment periods (TPs) of 12 weeks each separated by one bleeding period (Arm A1) or two TPs of 24 weeks each separated by two bleeding periods (Arm A2). The primary endpoint was the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Of 179 women enrolled, 151 were included in the full analysis set and 148 in the safety analysis set. TEAEs occurred in 79.1% of women, with the majority being mild; events were evenly distributed across both treatment arms. Study drug-related TEAEs were observed in 44.6% of women, and serious TEAEs were reported in 3.4% of women. During the treatment phase, the mean (standard deviation) number of bleeding days per 28 days decreased to 1.40 (1.34) days in Arm A1 and 1.42 (0.82) days in Arm A2 from respective baseline values of 5.1 (2.3) and 5.2 (2.0) days. Median time to onset of amenorrhea was 4 days in TP1 in both arms, and 4 days in TP2 in Arm A1. Absence of bleeding for the last 28 days was more common in TP1 (Arm A1: 91.89%, Arm A2: 89.19%) than TP2 (Arm A1: 80.85%, Arm A2: 85.71%). In this study, vilaprisan 2 mg/day was found to be well tolerated and efficacious in Japanese women with UFs and HMB. However, the study sponsor later terminated the overall clinical development of vilaprisan due to potential safety concerns from long-term rodent studies. The ASTEROID 8 study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (registration number: NCT03476928).
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025
To investigate the comprehensive intervention effects of transfer energy capacitive and resistive (TECAR) therapy combined with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) nutritional supplementation in older patients with sarcopenic obesity (SO). We conducted a randomized controlled trial, enrolling 140 older patients who met the Asian diagnostic criteria for SO. Participants were randomly assigned to 4 groups, including a double-placebo group (Group A), TECAR + placebo group (Group B), sham TECAR + HMB group (Group C), and TECAR + HMB group (Group D), with 35 patients in each group. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the total score of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Secondary outcome indicators included the modified Barthel Index (MBI), scores of the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), handgrip strength, body mass, and body mass index (BMI). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the interaction effects between TECAR and HMB. After the intervention, Group D (TECAR + HMB) demonstrated significant improvements across all metrics. The SPPB total score increased from 6.29 ± 1.34 to 8.06 ± 1.51 (P < 0.001), with notable enhancements in walking speed (2.71 ± 0.86 vs. 1.97 ± 0.82), chair stand (2.60 ± 0.55 vs. 2.11 ± 0.47), and balance (2.74 ± 0.74 vs. 2.20 ± 0.76). MBI improved from 71.74 ± 14.41 to 79.91 ± 10.52 (P < 0.001). Handgrip strength increased from (13.65 ± 5.05) kg to (15.72 ± 4.89) kg (P = 0.001). Body mass decreased from (81.78 ± 9.02) kg to (76.95 ± 9.89) kg (P < 0.001), and BMI reduced from (30.14 ± 1.68) kg/m2 to (28.34 ± 2.33) kg/m2 (P < 0.001). Interaction analysis revealed significant synergistic effects between TECAR and HMB in improving the SPPB total scores (F = 16.374, P < 0.001, η² = 0.107) and reducing BMI (F = 14.328, P < 0.001, η² = 0.095). TECAR therapy combined with HMB supplementation significantly enhances physical function, activities of daily living, and body composition in elderly patients with sarcopenic obesity, demonstrating a synergistic effect. 探讨电容电阻式靶向疗法（Transcutaneous Capacitive and Resistive Electric Transfer, TECAR）联合β-羟基β-甲基丁酸盐（β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, HMB）营养补充对老年肌少性肥胖（sarcopenic obesity, SO）患者的综合干预效果。 采用随机对照试验设计，纳入140例符合亚洲肌少性肥胖诊断标准的老年患者，随机分为四组：A组（双安慰组）、B组（TECAR+安慰剂）、C组（假TECAR+HMB）、D组（TECAR+HMB），每组35例。干预周期为12周，主要结局指标为简易体能状况量表（SPPB）总分，次要指标包括改良的Barthel指数（modified Barthel index, MBI）、微型营养评估简表（MNA-SF）评分、握力、体质量及体质量指数（BMI）。采用双因素方差分析评估TECAR与HMB的交互效应。 干预后，D组（TECAR+HMB）各项指标较干预前差异均有统计学意义：SPPB总分从（6.29±1.34）分提高至（8.06±1.51）分（P<0.001），其中步行速度〔（2.71±0.86）分 vs. （1.97±0.82）分〕、椅子站立测试〔（2.60±0.55）分 vs. （2.11±0.47）分〕和平衡能力〔（2.74±0.74）分 vs.（2.20±0.76）分〕三个子项均有明显提高；MBI从（71.74±14.41）提高至（79.91±10.52）（P<0.001）；握力从（13.65±5.05） kg提升至（15.72±4.89） kg（P=0.001）；体质量从（81.78±9.02） kg 下降至（76.95±9.89） kg（P<0.001），BMI从（30.14±1.68） kg/m2 下降至（28.34±2.33） kg/m2（P<0.001）。交互效应分析显示，TECAR和HMB在改善SPPB总分（F=16.374，P<0.001, η²=0.107）、降低BMI（F=14.328，P<0.001, η2=0.095）等方面具有显著协同作用。 TECAR联合HMB能显著改善老年肌少性肥胖患者的躯体功能、生活能力和BMI，且两者具有协同增效作用。
Nutrients · 2025
Resistance training (RT) is a key strategy to counteract age-related declines in muscle strength and physical function. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been proposed as a complementary supplement to enhance these adaptations. However, the additional effects of RT plus HMB (RT+HMB) compared with RT alone remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of RT+HMB versus RT alone on body composition, muscle quality (MQ), and physical function in older adults. Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251144810), six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect) were searched up to July 2025. Randomized controlled trials comparing RT+HMB with RT alone were included. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale and risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Ten trials (n = 596) met inclusion criteria. RT+HMB produced modest and borderline significant improvements in handgrip strength (SMD 0.24; 95% CI 0.00-0.48; p = 0.05) and moderate benefits in Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD 0.54; 95% CI 0.12-0.95; p = 0.01). No significant effects were observed for gait speed, appendicular lean mass, MQ, fat mass, or body weight (p > 0.05). Five trials (50%) were rated at high risk of bias, limiting confidence in pooled estimates. HMB supplementation combined with RT may yield modest improvements in functional performance, particularly handgrip strength and overall physical function, without statically significant effects in body composition and MQ. Further high-quality RCTs are warranted to confirm its clinical relevance.
BMC women's health · 2025
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is defined as excessive menstrual blood loss that negatively affects physical, emotional, social, and quality of life (QoL) of women at reproductive age. The aim of this systematic scoping review was to map and summarize the available evidence on the prevalence, burden, treatment, and barriers to accessing treatment for HMB in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We conducted a review of published data in nine databases and included studies published from 1 January 2000 to 28 October 2024. Covidence was used for screening and data extraction. We identified 376 eligible studies conducted in 46 countries. Most of the studies (300, 80%) reported on the treatment of HMB (including 9 studies on treatment and burden), 55 reported on prevalence, 19 reported on burden (including 12 studies on burden and prevalence) and two studies reported on barriers to providing treatment. A total of 55 systematic reviews were included. Prevalence of HMB ranged from 5% to 58%, using a variety of diagnostic and reporting methods. Burdens of HMB included impaired QoL, mental health issues, economic burdens, and health concerns such as anemia. The use of a hormonal intrauterine device was the most commonly reported treatment for HMB (n = 120), followed by progestin (n = 41), combined oral contraceptives (n = 36), gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (n = 31), and tranexamic acid (n = 23). Thirty studies focused on herbal treatment. Lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of treatment options for HMB were mentioned as barriers for HMB treatment. The prevalence of HMB and the variety of treatment options available indicate that HMB is a condition that should not be underestimated and has a large impact on women’s health and well-being. There is a need for reliable, good-quality studies on the prevalence, burden, and treatment access barriers of HMB, especially in LMICs where HMB more often leads to iron deficiency anaemia. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-025-04157-5.
Nutrition journal · 2025
Although nutritional supplementation and exercise have shown independent efficacy in managing sarcopenia, data supporting their combined implementation in real-world clinical settings remain limited. This 12-week multicenter randomized controlled trial enrolled 110 older adults (≥ 65 years) with sarcopenia or possible sarcopenia. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to either the intervention group (n = 55) or control group (n = 55). In addition to their habitual diets, the intervention group received daily muscle-targeted oral nutritional supplementation (MT-ONS, 2 × 10 g sachets/day: containing 8.4 g protein, 0.5 g calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, 200 IU D3 per sachet) alongside a structured exercise programs featuring twice-weekly resistance training (20 min/session), alternate-day chair-based exercises (10 min/session), and home-based activity recommendations. Control group participants maintained their habitual dietary and physical activity patterns without intervention. All outcome measures were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The intervention group showed modest increases in BIA-derived appendicular lean tissue (mean change + 0.60 kg, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.88), skeletal muscle index (+ 0.20 kg/m², 95% CI 0.11 to 0.29), and handgrip strength (+ 2.22 kg, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.09) compared with the control group. Improvements were also observed in walking speed, chair-stand performance, Short Physical Performance Battery scores, serum vitamin D, and EQ-5D measures of quality of life. A 12-week combined intervention of multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation and exercise led to modest improvements in proxy measures of muscle mass, strength, function, and quality of life in older adults. As muscle mass was not directly measured and the study did not employ a factorial design, the relative contributions of exercise and supplementation cannot be determined. These findings suggest that combined interventions may help attenuate, rather than reverse, sarcopenia-related decline. This clinical trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300077187) on 1 November 2023.
Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026
To investigate the effects of prebiotics combined with β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle function, intestinal barrier integrity, and inflammation in elderly patients with sarcopenia. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 78 elderly sarcopenic patients recruited from Tongji University Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital and Baoshan District Geriatric Care Hospital (Jan 2023 - Jan 2025). Participants were randomly assigned Group A (n = 32, standard diet + HMB-supplement), Group B (n = 31, standard diet + HMB + fructooligosaccharides), or Group C (n = 15, standard diet alone) for 30 days. Outcomes included muscle function (skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, calf circumference), intestinal barrier markers (serum diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, endotoxin), and inflammatory and nutritional markers (CRP, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune inflammation index, albumin, prealbumin). Baseline indicators did not differ among groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, skeletal muscle mass index and grip strength improved significantly in Groups A and B (P < 0.05), with higher grip strengths to Group B than C (adj. P = 0.017). Calf circumference decreased in all groups (P < 0.05), most in Group C (t = 4.461, P = 0.001). Group B exhibited lower diamine oxidase, D-lactic acid, and endotoxin levels than Groups A and C (P < 0.05) and the greatest reductions in CRP, NLR, and SII (P < 0.001). Albumin or prealbumin showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). HMB improves muscle function in sarcopenic elderly, prebiotics combined with HMB further enhance intestinal barrier repair and reduce inflammation, offering a promising gut-muscle-targeted nutritional strategy.
Biogerontology · 2026
Oxidative stress contributes to age-related musculoskeletal decline, partly through disruption of glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis. Although creatine and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) have been individually linked to antioxidant and cytoprotective effects, their combined influence on systemic redox balance in older adults remains insufficiently characterized.To examine the effects of creatine plus HMB supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers and composite redox indices, and to explore whether redox adaptations co-vary with changes in functional measures in physically active older adults.In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 30 physically active older adults (62.7 ± 5.3 years; 20 men, 10 women) completed two 6-week intervention phases (3 g/day creatine + 3 g/day calcium HMB vs. placebo) during supervised exercise training. Primary endpoints were oxidized glutathione and the Glutathione Redox Index. Secondary biomarkers and composite indices were analyzed with false discovery rate (FDR) control. Percent changes (Δ%) in functional tests were examined exclusively as exploratory correlates of redox adaptations.Supplementation was associated with attenuation of the placebo-related increase in oxidized glutathione and nominal preservation of the Glutathione Redox Index, although these effects did not remain significant after FDR adjustment. In men, a nominal increase in malondialdehyde was observed under supplementation. Exploratory analyses indicated weak associations between changes in composite redox indices and Δ% functional measures.Creatine plus HMB supplementation was associated with nominal modulation of glutathione-centered redox balance during training in active older adults. Exploratory redox-function associations support further investigation in larger, adequately powered trials.
Age and ageing · 2026
Resistance training has robust evidence for improving muscle health in older adults; however, the additional benefit of adjunctive supplementation with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of HMB supplementation combined with resistance training on body composition and muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials investigating HMB supplementation with resistance training in older adults. The main results examined fat mass, muscle mass, and muscle strength. Meta-analyses were conducted using robust variance estimation with small-sample corrections. The Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. A total of 561 participants were involved in 13 RCTs. According to meta-analysis data, supplementing with HMB is not advantageous concerning fat mass (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.49), muscle mass (SMD = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.20), and muscle strength (SMD = 0.04, 95% CI: -0.72 to 0.63). There was low heterogeneity for body composition outcomes but high heterogeneity for strength measures. No evidence of publication bias was detected. The combination of HMB supplementation and resistance training does not improve body composition or muscle strength in adults aged 50 years and older. Based on the available evidence, HMB supplementation cannot be recommended as a routine adjunct to resistance training in individuals who are able to undertake structured exercise.
Complementary therapies in medicine · 2025
L-arginine and L-ornithine have previously shown limited short-term immunological benefits in the treatment of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the extended efficacy and durability of the response to L-arginine or L-ornithine as adjuncts to periodontal therapy in adults with periodontitis. In this study, 75 patients who previously received the course of L-arginine or L-ornithine as adjuncts to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) during a preliminary randomized short-term part of a clinical trial (NCT05042024) were assessed clinically and immunologically (nested) after 12 months follow-up. The immunological assay included immunohistochemical identification of densities of CD68 + and CD163 + single-positive gingival macrophages. All patients did not receive new prescriptions or dietary changes and underwent personalized steps of periodontal treatment during observation. After one year, patients who received L-arginine or L-ornithine exhibited a significant reduction of sites with periodontal pocket depth of 4-5 mm compared to PMPR (p < 0.0001). L-ornithine was associated with BoP decreasing compared to PMPR and L-arginine (95 % CI of odds ratio [1.12-1.46], p = 0.0002; CI [0.72-0.94], p = 0.004), CD68 + and CD163 + macrophages density increasing compared to PMPR (p < 0.001) and L-arginine (p < 0.05). L-arginine resulted in increased density of CD68 + macrophages and elevated CD68 + /CD163 + ratio compared to the PMPR and L-ornithine; CI [0.41-0.63], p = 0.009, CI [1.45-2.72], p < 0.0001. After one year, L-ornithine supplementation demonstrated more pronounced clinical benefits than L-arginine, although both can modulate gingival CD68 + and CD163 + macrophages.